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Conference Object The Borderline Between Serious Games and Simulations(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education & development, 2014) Guney, Sinem; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Tuner, Emre; Cereci, IbrahimGame and simulation-based environments allow trainees to develop motor and cognitive skills as well as to provide some very detailed measurement values which in turn provide a feedback mechanism. It is a well known fact that games and simulation are potentially creating safer and cheaper active learning environments. Even when several benefits of games and simulations are reported in the literature, there is no exact definition of a game and simulation drawing the borders in between. Hence this causes to some complexities and misunderstandings in the field. Accordingly, in this study a definition for simulations and games is searched by being based on the studies found in the literature. Based on these definitions a borderline for the games and simulations will be provided. Results of study aim to guide the educational technology designers by better defining their education designs and better understanding their affect on the educational environments.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 1Gamification in Neurosurgery Education(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education & development, 2017) Topalli, Damla; Cagiltay, Nergiz ErcilNowadays, gamification is becoming popular as a new form of education in healthcare applications, due to the need of creating more effective educational practices. Educators in healthcare field are currently applying strategies used in popular games to create more engaging learning environments. Studies in the literature show that, creating learning environments by using gamification leads to better improved learning. The main goal of this approach is to increase the motivation of the participant. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effect of gamification on learning in neurosurgery education. In order to better understand this effect of gamification on learning, a surgical simulation game "Wire Haptic in Dark" is developed in two versions by applying gamification techniques as a part of Endoneurosurgery Education Project (ECE). The scenario is developed in two versions: one containing some gamification attributes and the other one not including any gamification attributes. The gamification version of the scenario is designed by showing the time passed to perform the task successful, the score of the participant on the screen while playing the game and including sounds in case of the collision during the game, whereas the other version is created without sound, time and score information. The experimental results of this study reveal that gamification enhances the performance as well as the motivation of the participant. As motivation increases, participant performance in a given game task becomes more effective. The results of this study aimed to help the surgical educators and the instructional system designers to improve the benefits of using gamification in learning environments for the surgical education programs.Conference Object Problems of Endoneurosurgery Education: a Case Study in Turkey(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education & development, 2015) Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Berker, Mustafa; Ozcelik, ErolEndoneurosurgery consists of neurological operations performed using an endoscope. Unlike traditional surgery operations, natural body cavities are used as entry points, hence inflicting minimum damage to the patient. These operations are considered as minimal invasive surgeries (or MIS), where surgeons see the operation area in two-dimensional view on the monitor and perform the operation based on that view. Studies show that MIS causes minimal harm to human body and reduces the death risk and that these surgeries are at least as safe as those performed using microscopes. Despite having certain advantages, they also come with certain problems, one of which is that the endoscopic view is two-dimensional, not three; in other words, since endoneurosurgery is performed via the images from the endoscope, the surgeon's perception should enable them to transform those images seen through the endoscope and convert them mentally to their correct anatomical models. In that concern, lack of depth perception can cause serious injuries, even resulting in deaths if not dealt with in advance by training. To be successful in such an environment, the surgeon has to gain critical skills. Hence, the education programs of surgery and endoneurosurgery has unique problems. The main aim of this study is to better understand the problems of endoneurosurgery education in Turkey. For this, a survey study is conducted with 31 participants, who are either currently enrolled in endoneurosurgery education programs in Turkey or experts in the field. Supportively semi-structured individual interviews are also conducted with 5 participants. This data is collected to better understand the methods being used in these programs, their problems and the participants' preferred methods to be used. Additionally, the participants' attitudes towards are also investigated regarding the use of new technologies to enhance the current education programs. The results indicate that, in Turkey, endoneurosurgery training programs are still mostly offered in traditional ways while other educational methods are used in an extremely limited manner. Main problems of integrating new technologies into these education programs are highlighted as: the most widely used educational method for endoneurosurgery in Turkey is the traditional one, see one-do one-teach one, provided in the operating theatre on real patients with an extremely limited practice alternative for the assistants. To improve the practice educators and trainees are willing to use alternative education environments, such as virtual reality and box training. However, they are not available and there are no curriculum integration models for these technologies.Conference Object Insights for Instructional System Designers by Understanding the Skill Levels of Endoscopic Surgery Education Programs(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education & development, 2016) Topalli, Damla; Cagiltay, Nergiz ErcilAs technology enhances, the new techniques for surgical operations are also developed. For instance endoscopic surgery is a new alternative of open surgery when it is possible. In this technique, the surgeon performs the operation by using a camera named as endoscope and special operational tools in order to make the operation by using small enter points. These operations are performed by looking at the video image of the operational field. In order to perform these types of operations, the surgeons are required to gain several skills. Hands-on try-and error type of training is very important to developing such skills which is currently provided in the operating theatre with the real patients. As this type of education has several ethical and safety considerations, new educational approaches are required for the surgery education programs. Today, virtual reality simulation technology addresses most of the problems of endoscopic surgery education. However, integrating this technology into the curriculum of the surgical education programs is critical for improving benefits of this technology. In order to better integrate these environments into the traditional education and training programs, understanding and assessing the skill levels of the trainees is a very critical. By better understanding and measuring the skill levels of surgeons, appropriate instructional systems can be developed and the education programs can be adapted according to the progress of the skill improvements. In the literature, there are several classifications for defining these skill levels. However, the standards and studies for defining and using these skill levels for the surgical education are very limited. In this study, a literature review is conducted to better understand the definitions of skill levels for the surgical education. Additionally, a more standardized and general perspective to improve the benefits of these skill level definitions for the surgical education is provided. The results of this study aimed to help the surgical educators and the instructional system designers to better address these skill levels in their programs and improve the benefits of technology enhanced learning environments for the surgical education programs.
