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Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 13Electoral Manipulation in March 30, 2014 Turkish Local Elections(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Aygul, Cenk; Aygül, Cenk; Aygül, Cenk; International Relations; International RelationsThis article examines the effects of law no 6360 legislated by the Adalet ve Kalknma Partisi (AKP) before March 2014 local elections in Turkey. The law created 14 new metropolitan municipalities and greatly expanded 14 existing ones. It manipulated the elections first by adding all non-urban districts that were within the administrative borders, and second by dissolving all villages and towns by merging them with metropolitan municipalities. Analyzing the mayoral and councilor competitions, this article models how the elections would have ended had they been held within the pre-6360 borders, and concludes that election results were significantly altered because of distorted representation introduced by the law. Law no 6360 not only created advantages for AKP, but more importantly, it significantly weakened the main opponent Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9Visa Regimes as Power the Cases of the Eu and Turkey(Sage Publications inc, 2013) Aygul, CenkThis article examines the significance of labor mobility for capitalism and analyzes the visa regimes of the European Union (EU) and Turkey. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, labor mobility originating from Eastern Europe has been redirected to the West, taking the form of circular migrations and replacing the previous rotation system. While the new forms of circular mobility created insecure employment conditions for many people, it also required a visa regime to classify people when they arrive at the borders. Both nation-states and supranational organizations such as the EU continue to build regulatory capacities. The second half of the article examines the Schengen agreement and the ways in which French German sensitivities were "communitized." While other East European countries chose to be a part of the Schengen agreement's restrictive visa policies, this option was not possible for Turkey, which established a fully liberal regime.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 12Locating Change in Turkish Foreign Policy: Visa Policies of the Justice and Development Party in the 2000s(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Aygul, CenkThis article evaluates foreign policy change under the Justice and Development Party (JDP). After examining the concept of change in foreign policy analysis and in the literature on Turkish foreign policy, the article offers an approach to visa regimes as significant indicators of change in foreign policy. It first provides a qualitative analysis of Turkish visa policies in comparison to those of the European Union (EU) and shows that, after a brief period of convergence, Turkish visa policies have increasingly diverged from the EU. Subsequently, by way of analyzing the incoming mobility of foreign nationals, first the JDP era is compared to its predecessors. Then, two distinct eras within JDP's period of rule are identified and compared. It concludes that, while there are differences between the JDP and the previous eras, the most significant change occurs between the first and second JDP governments.
