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Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9Market Development and Market Efficiency: Evidence Based on Nonlinear Panel Unit Root Tests(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Aktan, Ceyda; Iren, Perihan; Omay, TolgaThis study tests the weak form market efficiency of 32 European stock markets. Utilizing monthly data from June 2006 to June 2017, six different, newly developed nonlinear panel root tests were applied in three different groups of European markets: Frontier, Emerging and Developed. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between different levels of economic development and the weak form market efficiency. Considering the nonlinear structure of the stock market indices, use of linear models might lead to wrong conclusions regarding market efficiency. Using several nonlinear panel root tests, the results of this study shed more light on the true data generating process of the stock market indices and more appropriately model market efficiency.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Examining the non-linear stochastic behavior of the European energy market: evidence from nonlinear unit root tests(Taylor & Francis inc, 2022) Aktan, Ceyda; Omay, Tolga; Sahin, Eyyup EnsariStock market efficiency has been one of the most investigated topics of the last century. Knowing the efficiency of a market has major implications for both investors and policymakers, as a perfectly efficient market eliminates any arbitrage opportunity and the possibility of actually beating the market. For this reason, this study aims to examine the weak-form market efficiency of the European energy markets using linear and nonlinear unit root tests for the period covering February 2012 to April 2021. The results indicated that while the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test captured the stationarity in only Austria's Oil, and Gas index, using nonlinear tests showed stationarity in 17 of the 20 indices tested. Overall, the European Energy Market can be considered inefficient under the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis. Therefore, there is an indication of profitable arbitrage opportunities among energy stocks. Signs of stationarity also suggest that shocks to energy stocks will have temporary effects. Energy markets of Austria, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, for this reason, could benefit from policy changes to support increased information flow to achieve more transparency and utilize better trading technologies.
