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Article Citation - WoS: 68Citation - Scopus: 76Why Do Women Endorse Honor Beliefs? Ambivalent Sexism and Religiosity as Predictors(Springer/plenum Publishers, 2016) Glick, Peter; Sakalli-Ugurlu, Nuray; Akbas, Gulcin; Orta, Irem Metin; Ceylan, SuzanCultures of honor, such as Turkey, prioritize defending individual and family reputations, but in gender-specific ways (Nisbett and Cohen 1996). Men maintain honor via reputations for toughness, aggression, control over women, and avenging insults. Women maintain honor through obedience to men, sexual modesty, and religious piety. Honor beliefs support women's subordination, justifying violence against them (Sev'er and Yurdakul, Violence against Women, 7, 964-998, 2001) and therefore should be challenged. Understanding honor beliefs' ideological correlates may inform such efforts. We hypothesized that benevolent sexism, a subjectively favorable system-justifying ideology, would more strongly, positively predict Turkish women's (versus men's) honor beliefs; whereas hostile sexism, which is openly antagonistic toward women, would more strongly, positively predict Turkish men's (versus women's) honor beliefs. Additionally, due to justifications for gender inequality embedded in Islamic religious teachings, we expected Islamic religiosity to positively predict honor beliefs for both genders. A convenience sample of Turkish undergraduates (313 women and 122 men) in Ankara completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Religious Orientation Scale, and Honor Endorsement Index. Regression analyses revealed that benevolent (but not hostile) sexism positively predicted women's honor beliefs, whereas hostile (but not benevolent) sexism positively predicted men's honor beliefs. Islamic religiosity positively predicted honor beliefs for both genders, but (unexpectedly) did so more strongly for men than women. We suggest that combating benevolent sexism and promoting feminist interpretations of Islamic religiosity may help to empower Turkish women to challenge honor beliefs.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Young Adults' Perceptions of Social Clock and Adulthood Roles in the Turkish Population(Springer/plenum Publishers, 2019) Pekel-Uludagli, Nilay; Akbas, GulcinThe aim of this study was to examine how adulthood roles (marriage and parenthood) and the perceived timing of the achievement of these roles (early, on-time, late) were related to well-being (depression and life satisfaction) and need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in young adults. The sample consisted of 433 female and 244 male (N = 685) participants. Results revealed that individuals who perceived themselves as on-time for marriage reported higher levels of well-being and need satisfaction compared with individuals who perceived themselves as early or late. In addition, individuals who perceived themselves as having children on-time reported lower levels of depression and higher levels of need satisfaction compared with individuals who perceived themselves as early. For female participants, employed women have higher relatedness than non-employed women. In addition, married participants have more relatedness and life-satisfaction, and less depression than unmarried participants. The results suggest that fulfilling adulthood roles and the perceived timing of these roles affects well-being and need satisfaction.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 8Validation and Correlates of the Vicarious Embarrassment Scale(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Uysal, Ahmet; Akbas, Gulcin; Helvaci, Elif; Metin, IremVicarious embarrassment can be defined as embarrassment resulting from witnessing embarrassing behaviors of strangers. We developed a scale to measure individual differences in the tendency to experience vicarious embarrassment, and examined its association with related constructs. In Study 1, we found that vicarious embarrassment is associated positively with susceptibility to embarrassment, empathy, perspective-taking, and fear of negative evaluation, while it is associated negatively with self-esteem. In Study 2, we found that vicarious embarrassment is uniquely associated with embarrassment in response to a poor performance of a stranger on a TV show, independent of susceptibility to embarrassment, empathy, perspective-taking, and fear of negative evaluation. Although the limited literature on this topic focused on the role of empathy in this type of embarrassment, these findings suggest that there is more to vicarious embarrassment than empathy or perspective-taking. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
