Browsing by Author "Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan"
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Article Citation Count: 1Acceptance of Educational Use of AI Chatbots in the Context of Self-Directed Learning with Technology and ICT Self-Efficacy of Undergraduate Students(Taylor & Francis inc, 2024) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Gokcearslan, Sahin; Eşiyok, Elif; Tourism Management; Public Relations and AdvertisingFor long now, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots in higher education to support and engage learners in classroom learning activities has been attracting the attention of researchers. The acceptance of this technology for learning purposes is indicative of learners' intentions and actual use in the future. Hence, this study aims to test the educational use of AI chatbots in the context of self-directed learning with technology (SDLT) along with information and communication technology (ICT) self-efficacy, using the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study involved 414 undergraduate students, and the research model was tested by utilizing the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that ICT self-efficacy affects only the perceived ease of use (PEU), whereas PEU and perceived usefulness have a positive effect on the intention to use AI chatbots. Moreover, SDLT is shown to affect both the intention and the actual use of AI chatbots. As such, it is suggested - among other notes - that universities update their curricula and activities to support SDLT, and also organize activities in order to increase ICT self-efficacy among students.Article Citation Count: 14Analyzing the role of constraints and motivations behind traveling in the prediction of destination choice: Evidence from PLS-SEM and fsQCA(Wiley, 2021) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Caliskan, Caner; Dedeoglu, Bekir Bora; Birinci, Muhammet Cenk; Tourism ManagementThis study aims to examine the relationship among travel constraints, travel motivations, and destination choice via a multi-method approach. For this purpose, two studies and two analysis tools-PLS-SEM and fsQCA-were employed to conduct examinations in the context of two different target destinations (France and China). Findings revealed that travel constraints and travel motivations generally influenced destination choice. However, it was found that PLS-SEM and fsQCA results were not compatible for some relationships. In light of this and further findings, it was observed that the matter of destination choice is complex by nature.Article Citation Count: 15Are emotions contagious? Developing a destination social servicescape model(Elsevier, 2019) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Uygur, Selma Meydan; Tourism Management[No Abstract Available]Article Citation Count: 4Are tourists afraid of the unknown? Examining the role of travel constraints and tourist xenophobia with symmetric and asymmetric perspectives(Elsevier Science inc, 2023) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Bogan, Erhan; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Birinci, Muhammet Cenk; Tourism ManagementThis study aims to investigate the role of tourists' xenophobia and travel constraints in terms of affecting image and choice of a given destination within the framework of generations. Although many existing studies have examined destination preference from different perspectives, the lack of analyses with specific references to generations and tourist xenophobia is striking. Therefore, it is believed that studying these structures on the basis of the complexity perspective paves the way for providing specific suggestions to researchers and destination management organizations. To this end and specifically, this study endeavors to reveal the importance of ele-ments influencing the intention of potential Turkish tourists to visit France as a target destination using sym-metric and asymmetric models.Article Citation Count: 10Does a highly standardized international advertising campaign contribute to the enhancement of destination image? Evidence from Turkey(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Üner, Mehmet Mithat; Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Cavusgil, S. Tamer; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Business; Tourism ManagementPurposeDoes a highly standardized international advertising campaign enhance destination image? Drawing evidence from Turkey's Home Global Image Campaign, the authors investigate this fundamental question. This would help the authors to understand whether there are significant differences in cognitive and affective image among tourist groups in Europe in a destination where there is a highly standardized international advertising campaign.Design/methodology/approachData collected from British, German, French and Italian tourists through the official Twitter account of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMCT) were used to carry out the quantitative analysis. Analysis of variance test was performed to assess the differences in nationalities. The Scheffe test was also applied as a post hoc comparison.FindingsCognitive image attributes such as "good value for money," "good climate," "interesting and friendly people," "beautiful scenery and natural attractions," "interesting cultural attractions," "appealing local food (cuisine)" and "hygiene and cleanliness" are found to be less favorable in the perceptions of French tourists than those of British, German and Italian tourists. British, German and Italian tourists perceive Turkey as a more pleasant destination than French tourists. Overall, the findings suggest that a highly standardized international advertising campaign fails to boost the destination image for all nationalities.Practical implicationsThe TMCT officials should use the adaptation strategy in international advertising campaigns since the findings denote that the "one-size-fits all" approach is problematic. The TMCT should support and promote environmental sustainability efforts and green hotel practices to attract more tourists and use them in different communication channels.Originality/valueAssessment of affective and cognitive destination images (differences) is still an unresolved issue in the destination management and marketing literature. It seems that there is no empirical study investigating the cognitive and affective image attributes of a destination based on standardization versus adaptation approaches. This paper makes a contribution to the current literature by demonstrating that using the same image campaign in different markets is a practice that fails to achieve the intended goals.Article Citation Count: 9Does a highly standardized international advertising campaign contribute to the enhancement of destination image? Evidence from Turkey(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Üner, Mehmet Mithat; Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Cavusgil, S. Tamer; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Business; Tourism ManagementPurpose - Does a highly standardized international advertising campaign enhance destination image? Drawing evidence from Turkey's Home Global Image Campaign, the authors investigate this fundamental question. This would help the authors to understand whether there are significant differences in cognitive and affective image among tourist groups in Europe in a destination where there is a highly standardized international advertising campaign. Design/methodology/approach - Data collected from British, German, French and Italian tourists through the official Twitter account of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMCT) were used to carry out the quantitative analysis. Analysis of variance test was performed to assess the differences in nationalities. The Scheffe test was also applied as a post hoc comparison. Findings - Cognitive image attributes such as "good value for money," "good climate," "interesting and friendly people," "beautiful scenery and natural attractions," "interesting cultural attractions," "appealing local food (cuisine)" and "hygiene and cleanliness" are found to be less favorable in the perceptions of French tourists than those of British, German and Italian tourists. British, German and Italian tourists perceive Turkey as a more pleasant destination than French tourists. Overall, the findings suggest that a highly standardized international advertising campaign fails to boost the destination image for all nationalities. Practical implications -The TMCT officials should use the adaptation strategy in international advertising campaigns since the findings denote that the "one-size-fits all" approach is problematic. The TMCT should support and promote environmental sustainability efforts and green hotel practices to attract more tourists and use them in different communication channels. Originality/value - Assessment of affective and cognitive destination images (differences) is still an unresolved issue in the destination management and marketing literature. It seems that there is no empirical study investigating the cognitive and affective image attributes of a destination based on standardization versus adaptation approaches. This paper makes a contribution to the current literature by demonstrating that using the same image campaign in different markets is a practice that fails to achieve the intended goals.Article Citation Count: 20Does self-congruity or functional congruity better predict destination attachment? A higher-order structural model(Elsevier, 2022) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Shi, Da; Okumus, Fevzi; Tourism ManagementAlthough self-congruity (SC) theory proposes that private SC and public SC constitute the two higher-order di-mensions of SC, extant research in tourism has not investigated these higher-order SC types. Therefore, by validating private SC and public SC as higher-order dimensions of SC, this study aims to explain the relationships among SC, functional congruity (FC), and place attachment in the context of tourism destinations. A higher-order structural model was developed by measuring destination private SC, destination public SC, and destination attachment as reflective-formative higher-order constructs, whereas destination FC as a reflective-reflective higher-order construct. The data were collected from a sample of 430 domestic and foreign tourists visiting Dalian, Northeast China. To analyze the research model, partial least squares structural equation modeling was performed. According to the results, destination attachment was found to be positively influenced by both destination private SC and public SC, as well as destination FC. However, in contrast to the literature that argues FC more strongly influences consumer behavior than SC, by applying a new methodology developed by Rodri-guez-Entrena et al. (2018), this study provides evidence that destination private SC, destination public SC, and destination FC are all approximately equally important in predicting destination attachment. Furthermore, both destination private SC and public SC positively influence destination FC, which supports 'the biasing effect of SC' on FC. The study supports the partial mediation role of destination FC on the relationship between destination SC and destination attachment. Implications for theory and practice are discussed within the context of destination marketing.Article Citation Count: 50Effect of social media sharing on destination brand awareness and destination quality(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; van Niekerk, Mathilda; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; De Martino, Marcella; Okumus, Fevzi; Tourism ManagementThis study examines the effect of social media sharing on tourism destination brand awareness and destination natural and service quality and also examines the moderating roles of country of origin (COI; macro and micro) image on destination natural and service quality. Data were collected from 568 domestic and international tourists who have visited Alanya, Turkey. Relationships in the study were examined through structural equation modeling. As one of the components of social media sharing, participant sharing positively affects destination brand awareness, whereas any significant effect of nonparticipant sharing on destination brand awareness was not found. Destination brand awareness positively influences tourist perceptions of both destination service quality and destination natural quality. COI image moderates most of the relationships.Article Citation Count: 11How can the subjective well-being of nurses be predicted? Understanding the mediating effect of psychological distress, psychological resilience and emotional exhaustion(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Soliman, Mohammad; Tulucu, Fadime; Altinay, Levent; Tourism ManagementPurpose This paper aims to examine the relationships among work-family conflict (WFC), cognitive regulation, psychological resilience (PR), psychological distress (PD), emotional exhaustion (EE) and subjective well-being (SWB) in a very complex model based on job demands-resources. Also, mediator roles of PD, PR and EE are analyzed. Design/methodology/approach Data for the study were collected from 158 full-time nurses working in two hospitals in North Cyprus. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the model. Findings The authors' findings reveal that cognitive emotion regulation reduces employees' WFC. WFC also has a negative effect on employees' SWB directly and through the mediating role of EE. However, the role of PR in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and PD was not significant. Originality/value The study adds the original views for hospitals and service providers to recognize the factors which exert detrimental effects on employees' mental health and also the factors which help them to tackle the harsh situation specifically in the time of crisis. Theoretical and practical implications are provided in the study.Article Citation Count: 10How destructive are negative tourist-to-tourist interactions despite the mitigating effect of optimism?(Elsevier, 2022) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Dimanche, Frederic; Tourism ManagementThis study examined the relationship between negative tourist-to-tourist interaction (NTTI) and tourist emotions, intention to recommend, and revisit intention, based on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm and service dominant logic. It also investigated the moderating effect of optimism in the relationship between NTTI and tourist emotions to highlight the importance of optimism in tourist behavior in COVID-19 times. Data were collected through a survey form from 256 domestic tourists visiting Pamukkale travertines and archaeological site, one of Turkey's leading attractions. The research hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The data analysis revealed that NTTI significantly affects tourist emotions. Unpleasantness had a negative and significant effect on intention to recommend, while joy had a positive and significant effect. Besides, joy and positive surprise affected revisit intention positively and significantly. Joy and unpleasantness mediated the relationship between NTTI and intention to recommend. Finally, optimism moderated the relationships between NTTI and joy and NTTI and positive surprise.Article Citation Count: 0How much similarity is good? The effect of similarity and crowding on place satisfaction(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Koc, Burcu; Tourism ManagementThe relationship between perceived similarity, crowdedness and tourists' evaluations of their experience has been largely neglected by research into the destination social servicescape. This study therefore examines this relationship to fill the gap in the literature. Data were collected from 282 tourists in Pamukkale, Turkey. PLS-SEM and fsQCA were combined to identify the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the destination social servicescape. The PLS-SEM results showed that demographic similarity significantly increased place satisfaction, whereas psychographic similarity and perceived crowdedness had no effect. The study also used fsQCA to investigate how crowdedness and similarity predict place satisfaction in combination with income, age, education, and gender. The analysis identified five different models of place satisfaction by combining different demographic factors.Article Citation Count: 34An overview of the destination physical servicescape with SOR paradigm: the importance of prestige sensitivity(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Kucukergin, Fulden Nuray; Dedeoglu, Bekir Bora; Tourism ManagementThis study aims to examine the relationships among the destination physical servicescape elements, perceived price, tourist emotions, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Besides, the moderating role of prestige sensitivity is investigated in terms of the relationship between the variables affecting and being affected by perceived price. For data analysis, PLS-SEM is applied and except for the effect of joy on behavioral intentions, all the other direct effects are found to be statistically significant. In addition, prestige sensitivity has a moderating role only in the relationship between the perceived price and love.Article Citation Count: 0Prediction of tourists' intention toward domestic vs international destinations in post-COVID-19 recovery: the role of COVID-19, future anxiety and solidarity(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2024) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Ozekici, Yakup Kemal; Şahin, Neriman Gonca Güzel; Tourism ManagementPurposeThis paper aims to investigate, upon taking into consideration both symmetric and asymmetric effects, how the economic and psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, solidarity and future anxiety affect travel intention and the willingness to support a destination (WSD). Furthermore, the study sheds light on whether these relationships vary between domestic and international destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected from 379 potential tourists. To detect and analyze the symmetrical and asymmetric effects, the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) are employed, respectively.FindingsIt is observed that, whereas only the effects of solidarity on travel intention and WSD differ in the CB-SEM, the fsQCA results include different recipes for the two groups.Originality/valueThere has not been much research done yet on the influence of future anxiety on tourists' decisions. Furthermore, it has not been thoroughly investigated whether solidarity has a different function for destinations within and outside of the country. In this respect, the study of both symmetric and asymmetric effects represents an important contribution to the literature.Article Citation Count: 11The role of COVID-19 anxiety and social contact within technology readiness and acceptance model for virtual reality(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Tourism ManagementThis research aims to question the current threats posed by COVID-19 anxiety and the concept of social contact brought up by the pandemic, with the goal of extending the TRAM model within the context of tourism and virtual reality (VR). The sample of the study comprises of 300 participants taking part in a touristic activity within the last year and experiencing the lockdown period. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used for data analysis. According to the findings, COVID-19 anxiety significantly enhances attitudes toward VR, social contact as a tourist role, and perceived usefulness (PU) toward VR. However, social contact is shown not to have a significant effect on attitudes toward VR. Lastly, technological readiness predicts perceived ease of use (PEOU) and PU of VR. The two, in turn, affect attitudes toward virtual reality technology (AVR), which positively affects behavioral intention toward virtual reality technology, namely, BIVR. Insights derived from the study extend present knowledge concerning TRAM, COVID-19 anxiety, virtual reality, social contact as a value, and provide various recovery marketing-oriented strategies for tourism professionals.Book Part Citation Count: 2SOCIAL ASPECTS OF TOURISM ATMOSPHERE AND EMOTIONAL CONTAGION IN DESTINATIONS(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Dedeoglu, Bekir Bora; Tourism ManagementIn this chapter, emotional interactions between tourists and the individuals they are potentially in interaction with are examined within the scope of social aspects of tourism atmosphere. Emotional interactions were analysed under the framework of emotional contagion. Regardless of whether the fact that emotional contagion occurs in non-conscious or conscious way, tourists are open to emotional cues to come from other individuals. Emotions of other individuals can influence tourists' behavioural intentions by shaping their emotions. This chapter suggests a number of propositions, and develops a conceptual model to capture the role of emotional interactions.Article Citation Count: 151Using partial least squares structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism: Do researchers follow practical guidelines?(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2018) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Kucukergin, Kemal Gurkan; Tourism ManagementPurpose The purpose of this study is to review the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the field of hospitality and tourism and thereby to assess whether the PLS-SEM-based papers followed the recommended application guidelines and to investigate whether a comparison of journal types (hospitality vs tourism) and journal qualities (top-tier vs other leading) reveal significant differences in PLS-SEM use. Design/methodology/approach A total of 206 PLS-SEM based papers published between 2000 and April 2017 in the 19 SSCI-indexed hospitality and tourism journals were critically analyzed using a wide range of guidelines for the following aspects of PLS-SEM: the rationale of using the method, the data characteristics, the model characteristics, the model assessment and reporting the technical issues. Findings The results reveal that some aspects of PLS-SEM are correctly applied by researchers, but there are still some misapplications, especially regarding data characteristics, formative measurement model evaluation and structural model assessment. Furthermore, few significant differences were found on the use of PLS-SEM between the two fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading). Practical implications To enhance the quality of research in hospitality and tourism, the present study provides recommendations for improving the future use of PLS-SEM. Originality/value The present study fills a sizeable gap in hospitality and tourism literature and extends the previous assessments on the use of PLS-SEM by providing a wider perspective on the issue (i.e. includes both hospitality and tourism journals rather than the previous reviews that focus on either tourism or hospitality), using a larger sample size of 206 empirical studies, investigating the issue over a longer time period (from 2000 to April, 2017, including the in-press articles), extending the scope of criteria (guidelines) used in the review and comparing the PLS-SEM use between the two allied fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).Article Citation Count: 14'What if this is my last chance?' : Developing a last-chance tourism motivation model(Elsevier, 2020) Küçükergin, Kemal Gürkan; Gurlek, Mert; Tourism ManagementVisiting disappearing attractions before they are gone has recently become a motivation for some tourists. From this viewpoint, the purpose of this study is to identify the precursory role of environmental consciousness in the determination of motivations concerning local attractions within the scope of last-chance tourism and the impacts of such elements of motivation on place satisfaction and recommendation. To this end, the study was conducted with 352 domestic tourists visiting Lake Salda, and the research model was tested based on Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicate that environmental consciousness has a positive impact on all elements of motivation. Natural reflection, last-chance experience as well as fascination also have a positive impact on place satisfaction. Likewise, joining the story of the destination, fascination and place satisfaction are shown to have a positive impact on recommendation. The findings are further examined in detail using the importance-performance map analysis method.