Do preterm babies sleep differently than their peers? Sleep characteristics and their associations with maternal depression and parenting stress

Abstract

Objectives: The findings regarding the association between prematurity, sleep problems, and maternal psychological well-being are mixed. This study examined preterm- and term-born infants' sleep patterns, ecology, and problems, in addition to the associations of these patterns with maternal parenting stress and depressive symptomatology. Methods: In total, 84 mothers of infants between 6 and 17 months of corrected age, in which 40 were preterm infants and 44 were healthy full-term infants, participated in the study. Children's sleep was evaluated by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Maternal depressive symptoms were screened by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Maternal parenting stress was measured via the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Results: In preterm infants, lower total and nocturnal sleep duration and later falling asleep time were identified compared to term infants. Regarding sleep ecology, the percentages of poor sleepers, mother's perception of child's and her own sleep problems were similar in both groups. While the most common method of falling asleep was 'rocking the baby' in the preterm group, it was 'breastfeeding' in the term group. In both groups, the maternal perception of sleep problems positively predicted maternal parenting stress. Lastly, compared to good sleepers, higher maternal parenting stress, higher maternal perception of mother's and child's sleep problems, and lower infants' age were identified among poor sleepers. Conclusions: Despite many similarities in the sleep characteristics of preterm and term infants, several differences in sleep patterns and sleep ecology of preterm infants were identified. Since the maternal perception of sleep problems was found to predict parenting stress, guidance on infant sleep is suggested to support families. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.