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The Paradox of Power in Turkey: Omnipotent Leader, Impotent State
(Wiley, 2026) Bektas, Eda; Muhurcuoglu, Korhan
This article examines a central paradox of contemporary authoritarianism: how the concentration of power in the hands of a seemingly omnipotent executive can simultaneously erode bureaucratic capacity and autonomy through subordination, producing an increasingly impotent state. Focussing on Turkey's transition to hyper-presidentialism after the 2018 elections, it argues that excessive centralisation has undermined the institutional competence and discretion required for coordinated and effective policy implementation. The government's response to the 6 February 2023 twin earthquakes provides a tragic and revealing case that affected millions of lives. Despite Recep Tayyip Erdo & gbreve;an's pledges that the presidential system would deliver efficiency and decisiveness, disaster governance was marked by delayed decision making, poor coordination, limited capacity for rapid mobilisation and communication and an emphasis on narrative control over effective execution. Drawing on bureaucratic capacity and autonomy as indicators of governance quality, this article shows how personalist rule hollows out state institutions, exposing its limits in delivering good governance.
A Factory in a Time of Turmoil: The Establishment and Engineering of the Büyükdere Match Factory in 1930s Istanbul
(MDPI, 2025) Tunc, Gokhan; Tunc, Tanfer Emin
The Republic of Turkey established its first match factory in Sinop in 1929 but had to relocate it even before it was in operation due to severe structural damage caused by ground settlement. In July 1930, through his US-based firm the American-Turkish Investment Corporation (ATIC), the Swedish "Match King" Ivar Kreuger signed a contract with the Republic of Turkey to build and operate a factory in B & uuml;y & uuml;kdere, Istanbul. By 1930, Kreuger had already established a match production monopoly in nearly every country in Europe and that year created a similar financial system for Turkey, gaining control of match production for 25 years. This article explains the events surrounding the establishment of his modern production facility in Turkey, with a particular focus on its engineering aspects. It details the strategically chosen location, the engineering solutions for the factory's construction, its production lines, and what the country gained and lost from it. In order to determine the establishment and production processes of the facility, the authors examined domestic and foreign archival documents, firsthand news reports from the period, articles and theses, and all other available documents. After the contract was terminated by both parties, the Turkish government and ATIC, in May 1943, the factory continued its production and storage activities until May 1989. At that point, the factory and all its equipment were integrated into another existing facility in the & Idot;neg & ouml;l district of Bursa province. Almost all the buildings of the B & uuml;y & uuml;kdere Match Factory were demolished, and the land was repurposed for a 450-bed regional hospital in 2012. In short, this article deploys the B & uuml;y & uuml;kdere Match Factory as a case study to examine what Turkey gained and lost from the establishment and production processes of a modern industrial factory, enabled by US-Turkish collaboration, and equipped with the most advanced manufacturing and engineering technologies of the time.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Global Insights Into Food Fraud From Location-Based Analysis: Food Adulteration in Turkey
(Wiley, 2025) Kavruk, Murat; Balci, Tugce Nur; Ozel, Irem Cagla; Ozalp, Veli Cengiz; Aydin, Ali
BackgroundFood fraud and adulteration pose critical global challenges impacting economic stability and public health. This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of food fraud incidents in Turkey, an international player in the food supply chain. Controls carried out from production to consumption reveal many fraudulent events worldwide.ResultsData collected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of T & uuml;rkiye from 2012 to 2022, covering 4007 incidents and 7180 specific cases of adulteration, form the basis of this analysis. The study categorizes food fraud by region, product group and type of fraud, revealing trends and patterns. Key findings indicate a higher incidence of fraud in milk, meat and vegetable oil products, including the detection of drug-based adulteration having potential for serious health consequences.ConclusionAt most importance, we demonstrated the importance of risk-based food inspections and the development of new detection technologies to enhance food safety. The results are fundamental for more effective food inspections in terms of risk-based conformity assessment approaches or developing new methods, devices and analysis kits in terms of scientific and technological approaches. Still, they can also significantly improve future food safety measures. These insights are aimed at informing global food safety strategies and policymaking, contributing to a safer and more transparent food supply chain. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An Example of the Threat From Italy To Turkey: Piracy in the Mediterranean
(Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2024) Birlik, Gultekin K.
In August 1937, with the sinking of Spanish ships in front of Bozcaada and the sighting of foreign submarines in the Sea of Marmara, the Italian threat from piracy affected Turkey for the first time. While Turkey took measures against foreign submarines, including sinking them in the Sea of Marmara, it endeavored to prevent the possibilities that could create an atmosphere of conflict with Italy in the Aegean Sea. In the Anglo-French plan, which was first discussed at the Nyon Conference against piracy, it was envisaged that the north of the Aegean Sea would be controlled by the Turkish and the Soviet Union, and the south of it would be controlled by the navies of Greece and Yugoslavia. Due to the tension between the Soviet Union and Italy, Atat & uuml;rk saw this situation as ananti-Italy initiative and brought up the issue of giving assurance to Turkey against Italy. Prime Minister & Idot;smet & Idot;n & ouml;n & uuml; also thought that this situation harbored the possibility of conflict with Italy and argued that guarantees should be requested from England and France. As a result of the objections of Greece and Yugoslavia as well as Turkey; England and France had to undertake duty in the Aegean Sea against piracy. The fact that Turkey, Greece and Yugoslavia did not want Italy to take part in the Aegean Sea during the negotiations for Italy's participation in the Mediterranean Agreements, and that they would not allow it to enter the territorial waters and ports, shows that the Balkan Pact states implemented a common policy against Italy. The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs' advocacy that in the face of the problems experienced in the process of Italy's accession to the Mediterranean Agreements, it was necessary to establish a policy together with Greece and Yugoslavia, explains this situation
AB VE TÜRKİYE’NIN BATI BALKAN POLİTİKALARININ BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ: ELEŞTİREL BİR BAKIŞ VE GELECEKTEKİ İŞBİRLİĞİNE DAİR BEKLENTİLER
(Trakya Univ Balkan Yerlesesi Enstituler Binasi, 2019) Önsoy, Murat; Koç, Zeynep Elif
Bir yumuşak güç olan AB, başta Batı Balkanlar olmak üzere uluslararası alanda etkinliğini kısıtlayıcı birçok problemle karşı karşıyadır. Bu gölgede yumuşak gücünün dönüştürücülüğü azımsanmayacak ölçüde azalmıştır. Bu makale AB’nin yakın çevresinde ve özellikle de Batı Balkanlar’da uyguladığı yumuşak güç politikalarının önündeki problemler tartışılacak ve Birliğin etkinliğini sürdürebilmesi ve bu etkinliğe yeni boyutlar katabilmesinin muhtemel yolları tartışılacaktır. Makalenin araştırma sorusu AB’nin acil olarak yüzleşmek zorunda olduğu konuların neler olduğudur. AB mekanizmalarının Birliğin yakın çevresinde istikrarı, demokrasiyi ve barışı arttırmakta başarılı olamadığı düşünüldüğünde, alternatiflerin dikkate alınması gerektiği bir gerçektir. Bu şekilde düşünüldüğünde Türkiye on yıl önceki performansıyla Batı Balkanlarda etkili olabildiğini göstermştir. Fakat ekonomik olarak zayıflayan günümüz Türkiyesi on yıl önce olduğu gibi bölge üzerinde egemenlik kurmak değil sadece bölge devletleriyle ilişkilerini güçlendirmek istemektedir.
Citation - WoS: 3
Türkiye’de Veri Gazeteciliği ile İlgili Çalışmalardaki Kavramsal ve Metodolojik Eksiklikler
(Istanbul Univ, Fac Communication, 2020) Seyıdov, Ilgar
İnternet ve teknolojik gelişmeler beraberinde sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi değişimleri de getirmiştir. Bu değişimler toplumsal yapıları sadece biçimsel olarak değil aynı zamanda içeriksel olarak da derinden etkilemiştir. En fazla etkilenen yapılardan biri de medyadır. Özellikle bu anlamda yeni medya platformlarının yanı sıra, büyük ölçekli bilgi ve enformasyon depoları, arama motorları ve benzeri veri ağları örnek gösterilebilir. “Büyük veri” kavramı bu şekilde dünya çapında fenomen bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Kavramı anlamak ve bu sistemden etkili yararlanabilmek için çok sayıda araştırma yürütülmektedir. Medya ve iletişim çalışmalarında ise büyük veri etkili veri kullanımı ve karmaşık bilgi ağlarının yorumlanması çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle gazetecilik alanında büyük veri 2000’li yıllardan itibaren önemli araştırma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. “Veri gazeteciliği” önemli bir iletişim alanına dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de de yeni bir kavram ve alan olan veri gazeteciliğinin nasıl kavramsallaştırıldığını ele almaktadır. Amaçsal örneklem kapsamında konu ile ilgili ulaşılan çalışmalar içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Elde edile bulgular, kavramsallaştırmanın hala tam olarak yapılamadığı ve ilgili çalışmaların yeterli düzeyde olmadığına işaret etmektedir.
Citation - WoS: 6
From Eu-Phoria To Eu-Phobia? Changing Turkish Narratives in Eu-Turkey Relations
(Sciendo, 2019) Yilmaz, Gozde
Since the 1999 launch of EU candidate country status, EU-Turkey relations have reached a new level of closer engagement. Across time, the relations demonstrate different levels of engagement and, accordingly, different narratives. Regarding the Turkish narratives of the EU, the EU is framed across time as follows: EU as a democratic anchor; EU as a disappointment; EU as an untrustworthy entity; EU as an enemy. As seen, Turkish narratives demonstrate a trend from EU-phoria to EU-phobia. In the end, it is important that EU-Turkey relations and Turkish narratives on the EU are not immune to domestic developments, especially those shaped by populist politics in the last two decades.
Citation - WoS: 47
Citation - Scopus: 45
Profiling Infectious Diseases in Turkey After the Influx of 3.5 Million Syrian Refugees
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Ergonul, O.; Tulek, N.; Kayi, I; Irmak, H.; Erdem, O.; Dara, M.
Background: Since 2011, the conflict in Syria has led to over five million refugees. Turkey hosts the highest number of Syrian refugees in the world. By February 2019 over 3.6 million people had fled to Turkey to seek safety. Only 6.1% of Syrian refugees live in temporary shelters. Owing to the disrupted healthcare services, many children coming from the conflict zones are less likely to have received vaccination. In temporary shelters immunization coverage is >95% and the refugee population is receptive to vaccination. Aims: The objective of this study was to review the infectious diseases situation among Syrian refugees in Turkey. Sources: We have reviewed the reports and studies provided by the governmental and non-governmental organizations and obtained more detailed data from the Ministry of Health in Turkey. Content: Between 2012 and 2016, 1 299 209 cases of respiratory tract infection and 158 058 episodes of diarrhoea with 59 bloody diarrhoeas were reported; 1354 hepatitis A cases and 108 active tuberculosis cases were detected and treated in the temporary shelters for Syrian refugees. Overall in Turkey, 7794 cutaneous leishmaniasis have been reported. Implications: Since the influx of Syrian refugees, there has been an increase in cases of leishmaniasis and measles. No significant increase was detected for tuberculosis, other vector-borne infections, and healthcare associated or sexually transmitted infections. The Syrian refugees can be considered as a vulnerable group in Turkey due to their living and working conditions. Based on available data and our detailed analysis, the numbers show a stable situation regarding infectious diseases. (C) 2019 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 2
Stakeholder Relationships in the Framework of R&d-Based Startups: Evidence From Turkey
(Natl Research Univ Higher Sch Economics, 2017) Kalayci, Elif
It is widely acknowledged that R&D-based start-ups play a significant role in the economic growth of many countries. However, founding such an enterprise is a risky endeavor, one that requires a balance between the technological search process and business capabilities. Most of the time these varied skills are found among several different people. The task becomes more difficult for recent engineering school graduates who are neither scientists nor business people. Therefore, it is critical for these new techno-entrepreneurs to conscientiously work on building relationships with stakeholders through whom they might access scientific knowledge on one hand and commercial knowledge on the other. The paper explores the process of building relationships with stakeholders based on evidence from Turkish companies. It begins with a review of the literature, presenting the different theories concerning relationships with stakeholders as far as entrepreneurship is concerned. Then, it presents the methodology, coding and analysis of in-depth interviews with the founders of R&D-based start-ups. The case profiles are considered with a focus on the following issues: the counterbalancing of stakeholder power, learning by the entrepreneur as a by-product of interactions with stakeholders, and the earning of a reputation through ethical and passionate business practices. Building upon these preliminary findings, the author draws three main propositions that could be the subject of further research. The main finding of this paper is that there are two opposing forces affecting the development of an R&D-based start-up-challenger and supporter stakeholders. However, a stakeholder who was once a supporter could turn into a challenger or vice versa. The entrepreneur could benefit from the counterbalancing effect of these forces. Two major stakeholder groups emerged at the initial stage of the business: the family members and the state's grant-monitoring officers. Then, the ethical and passionate conduct of business by these start-ups could become a factor drawing third parties in, to become stakeholders of these start-ups. The nature and impact of these relationships should be researched further. Such an analysis allows one to understand how R&D-based startups are established and what kind of problems they face when turning (hopefully) into large corporations. On such a basis, this could help governments develop more suitable support programs that would benefit and expand the opportunities available to the founders of new R&Dbased firms.
Citation - WoS: 17
Citation - Scopus: 24
The New Middle Class in Emerging Markets: How Values and Demographics Influence Discretionary Consumption
(Wiley, 2019) Belbag, Aybegum G.; Uner, M. Mithat; Cavusgil, Erin; Cavusgi, S. Tamer; Cavusgil, S. Tamer
The rise of new middle-class consumers in rapidly transforming emerging markets has attracted the attention of Western business executives. What they know about this growing segment of customers will determine whether they succeed or fail in these markets. The present study examines the factors that drive the discretionary consumption of this new middle class, including the effects of consumerist values, religious values, occupation, education levels, and ownership of fixed assets. The study draws its insights from data gathered from 391 new middle-class consumers in Ankara, the second-largest city in Turkey. The findings provide important implications for businesses, both indigenous and foreign. An overall implication is that managers ought to understand and qualify the new middle class in emerging markets not simply by their access to disposable income but by deeper attitudinal and behavioral characteristics.

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