Browsing by Author "Karakaya, Murat"
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Article A SMART CLASSROOM APPLICATION: MONITORING AND REPORTING ATTENDANCE AUTOMATICALLY USING SMART DEVICES(International Journal of Scientific Research in Information Systems and Engineering, 2017) Şengül, Gökhan; Karakaya, Murat; Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringFor recording attendance in a classroom, generally instructors collect signatures of the attendees. Then, at the end of the semester, those signatures need to be counted and reported. This process causes waste of time and effort for both instructors and attendees. Besides this process is very error prone. Moreover, in crowded classes, there could be some misuses of this process. In this study, a smart classroom application is proposed and developed in order to monitor the attendance of the students in a classroom environment. In the design, a low-energy Bluetooth device is located at each classroom. Identification number (ID) of the low-energy Bluetooth device and the name/number of the classroom that the device is located are matched and stored in a central database. In addition to this information, the name of the courses given in that classroom and their time tables are also stored in the central database. Thus, in the database, the weekly course schedule of the classrooms is available. In addition to this central database infrastructure, a mobile application is developed that can run on both in mobile phones and smart watches. The users first install the application on their own smart devices. Whenever an attendee enters to a classroom, the smart device and its application interacts with the low-energy Bluetooth device. The student’s identification number (Student ID: SID), the identification number (ID) of the low-energy Bluetooth device located at the class, the day and time of the interaction are sent to the central database by the smart device. Using this information, the name of the attendee and the courses that he/she attended are matched using the SID of the attendee, the ID of the low-energy Bluetooth device, the day and time of the interaction. Those matching information are also stored in the central database. The records in the central database are used to create any automatic reports, i.e. the attendance status, the time and duration of the attendance, and the classroom (course) of the record. The advantage of the proposed system is that it is a fully automatic system that records the presence of the students, generates automatic attendance reports, does not require any extra device except installing a mobile application onto smart phones or smart watches of the student, and can be deployed with a low budget. The proposed system is tested in real classroom environment and it is proven to be operational.Article A WIRELESS CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON SMART BLUETOOTH AND IBEACON TECHNOLOGY FOR AUDITING THE PATROLS(International Journal of Scientific Research in Information Systems and Engineering, 2016) Şengül, Gökhan; Şengül, Gökhan; Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringPatrol systems are used as a method of ensuring security and protection of large areas and facilities such as university campuses, military zones, etc. In general, security personnel assigned to the patrol system visit the pre-determined checkpoints at regular intervals and are obliged to make the safety control of these locations. Security personnel (guards) are also audited to check if they covered all the essential control points on time or not. In recent years, considering energy efficiency, new Bluetooth devices and protocols are designed and produced. One of the most popular low-energy Bluetooth protocols is Smart Bluetooth (version 4.0). In this work, we integrated mobile devices (smart phone or tablet) with IBeacons. IBeacons are devices emitting beacons using Smart Bluetooth signals. Since Smart Bluetooth consumes low energy, these devices are small in size, have long life durations and very cheap. In this work, we propose and implement a new system to record the patrol officers’ movements in the subject areas. At the proposed system, IBeacons are first deployed in the monitoring areas. The location and the identification of the deployed IBeacon are stored in a central database. We developed a mobile application for Android devices which can scan the environment for IBeacon signals. The mobile application collects the sensed IBeacon IDs, stamps it with a time tag and uploads it along with the mobile device ID to the central database. Using these records, we can monitor the movements of the security guards. We have also developed a web application to generate an executive summary report from these records.Article Biometric Verification on e-ID-Card Secure Access Devices: A Case Study on Turkish National e-ID Card Secure Access Device Specifications(International Journal of Information Security Science, 2017) Şengül, Gökhan; Şengül, Gökhan; Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringBiometric verification on e-ID cards requires clear procedures and standards be defined, especially when the access devices are anticipated to be produced commercial companies. Turkish national e-ID card project has reached the dissemination step. Now the commercial companies are expected to produce and market e-ID card access devices which will conduct secure electronic identity verification functions. However, published standards specifying e-ID card-access-device requirements are ambiguous on biometric verification procedures. In this study, we intended to attract scientific interest to the problems identified in the current design of biometric verification on Turkish national e-ID cards and proposed several verification alternatives which enables the production of e-ID card access devices in a commercial-competition environment.Article Citation Count: 4Deadline-Aware Energy-Efficient Query Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink(Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringMobile sinks are proposed to save sensor energy spent for multihop communication in transferring data to a base station (sink) in Wireless Sensor Networks. Due to relative low speed of mobile sinks, these approaches are mostly suitable for delay-tolerant applications. In this paper, we study the design of a query scheduling algorithmfor query-based data gathering applications using mobile sinks. However, these kinds of applications are sensitive to delays due to specified query deadlines. Thus, the proposed scheduling algorithm aims to minimize the number of missed deadlines while keeping the level of energy consumption at the minimum.Article Citation Count: 28Deep learning based fall detection using smartwatches for healthcare applications(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Şengül, Gökhan; Karakaya, Murat; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Mısra, Sanjay; Damasevicius, Robertas; Computer EngineeringWe implement a smart watch-based system to predict fall detection. We differentiate fall detection from four common daily activities: sitting, squatting, running, and walking. Moreover, we separate falling into falling from a chair and falling from a standing position. We develop a mobile application that collects the acceleration and gyroscope sensor data and transfers them to the cloud. In the cloud, we implement a deep learning algorithm to classify the activity according to the given classes. To increase the number of data samples available for training, we use the Bica cubic Hermite interpolation, which allows us to improve the accuracy of the neural network. The 38 statistical data features were calculated using the rolling update approach and used as input to the classifier. For activity classification, we have adopted the bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network. The results demonstrate that our system can detect falling with an accuracy of 99.59% (using leave-one-activityout cross-validation) and 97.35% (using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation) considering all activities. When considering only binary classification (falling vs. all other activities), perfect accuracy is achieved.Article DETERMINATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF DANGEROUSLY LANE CHANGING VEHICLES IN TRAFFIC BY IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES(International Journal of Scientific Research in Information Systems and Engineering, 2017) Şengül, Gökhan; Karakaya, Murat; Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringDue to increase of vehicle usage all around the world, the importance of safety driving in traffic is increasing. All of the countries around the world are taking actions to increase the safety driving habitats and decrease the number of traffic accidents. One of the applied precautions is to put necessary automatic auditing mechanisms into service for controlling the drivers as they drive since reckless drivers may not obey many traffic rules. In this study, image and video processing based methods are applied to identify the dangerously lane changing vehicles/drivers in the traffic. The proposed method focuses on to detect three different violations in traffic: the vehicles frequently changing traffic lanes, the vehicles changing lanes when it is forbidden, and the vehicles overtaking the other vehicles using the right lanes instead of left one. The proposed method is based on the image and video processing techniques. It first detects the vehicles in video sequences, then tracks the vehicles in the following frames and determines the lane changes of the vehicles. In the vehicle detection phase an image subtraction method is used. In the vehicle tracking phase, Kalman filtering tracking algorithm is used. After determining the lane changes of the vehicles/drivers, a rule based decision system is used to find out the vehicles/drivers improperly changing lanes and those vehicles are marked on the video. The proposed method is tested on the videos captured from real traffic environments and promising results are obtained.Article Citation Count: 72Efficient route planning for an unmanned air vehicle deployed on a moving carrier(Springer, 2016) Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Karakaya, Murat; Computer EngineeringVehicle routing problem (VRP) is a constrained extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem (TSP). Emerging from the current conceptual trends in operations field, a new constraint to be included to the existing VRP parameters is the depot mobility. A practical example of such a problem is planning a route for an Unmanned air vehicle (UAV) deployed on a mobile platform to visit fixed targets. Furthermore, the range constraint of the UAV becomes another constraint within this sample case as well. In this paper, we define new VRP variants by introducing depot mobility (Mobile Depot VRP: MoDVRP) and extending it with capacity constraint (Capacitated MoDVRP: C-MoDVRP). As a sample use case, we study route planning for a UAV deployed on a moving carrier. To deal with the C-MoDVRP, we propose a Genetic Algorithm that is adapted to satisfy the constraints of depot mobility and range, while maximizing the number of targets visited by the UAV. To examine the success of our approach, we compare the individual performances of our proposed genetic operators with conventional ones and the performance of our overall solution with the Nearest Neighbor and Hill Climbing heuristics, on some well-known TSP benchmark problems, and receive successful results.Article Citation Count: 1MSCT: AN EFFICIENT DATA COLLECTION HEURISTIC FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS WITH LIMITED SENSOR MEMORY CAPACITY(Ksii-kor Soc internet information, 2015) Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringSensors used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have mostly limited capacity which affects the performance of their applications. One of the data-gathering methods is to use mobile sinks to visit these sensors so that they can save their limited battery energies from forwarding data packages to static sinks. The main disadvantage of employing mobile sinks is the delay of data collection due to relative low speed of mobile sinks. Since sensors have very limited memory capacities, whenever a mobile sink is too late to visit a sensor, that sensor's memory would be full, which is called a 'memory overflow', and thus, needs to be purged, which causes loss of collected data. In this work, a method is proposed to generate mobile sink tours, such that the number of overflows and the amount of lost data are minimized. Moreover, the proposed method does not need either the sensor locations or sensor memory status in advance. Hence, the overhead stemmed from the information exchange of these requirements are avoided. The proposed method is compared with a previously published heuristic. The simulation experiment results show the success of the proposed method over the rival heuristic with respect to the considered metrics under various parameters.Article Öğrenci Ders Devamının Sınavlarda Alınan Notlara Etkisi Üzerine Bir Durum Çalışması(Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2016) Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Murat; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringÜniversite eğitimde öğrencilerin derslere devam mecburiyetinin olup olmaması, okuldan okula değişebileceği gibi aynı okul içinde verilen dersler arasında da farklılıklar göstermektedir. Öğrencilerin derse devam etmesiyle, dönem sonucu elde ettiği ders başarısı arasında olumlu bir ilişki olup olmadığı önemli bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde, dersteki başarı kriteri olarak dönem sonu başarı notu esas alınmış ve yapılan çalışmaların çoğunluğunda iki olgu arasında olumlu bir ilişki gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak da, çalışmaların sonuç bölümlerinde öğrencilerin derslere devam etmelerinin sağlanması ve devamlarının artırılması tavsiye edilmiştir. Ancak, çok az çalışmada bu tedbirin gerçek hayata nasıl geçirilebileceği ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Diğer taraftan bu önerilerin ders devamını veya başarıyı artırmakta etkisi genellikle ölçülmemiştir. Derse devam durumunun artırılması için önerilen yöntemlerin çoğu, idari tedbirlerle öğrencileri derse devam etmeye zorlamayı içermektedir. Halbuki, ders devamından beklenen faydanın sağlanabilmesi için; öğrencinin bir zorunluluktan ziyade, öğrenme sürecinin bir parçası olarak derse devam etmeye teşvik edilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; ders devamı ile sınav notu arasındaki ilişki hem dönem sonu sınav notu hem de dönem içerisinde yapılan ara sınavlar dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Böylelikle öğrencinin devam durumu ile sınavlar arasında ilişkiyi gözlemlemek mümkün olmuştur. Ayrıca, ders işleme yönteminde yapılan bir değişikliğin, ders devamına ve öğrencinin notuna olan etkisi de bu kapsamda değerlendirilmiştir. Böylelikle, derse devam ile alınan notlar arasındaki ilişki üzerinde ders işleme yönteminin etkisi de izlenebilmiştir. Bu yönleriyle makalede sunulan çalışma, yazımda var olan yayınlardan farklılaşmaktadır.Article REMOTELY MONITORING ACTIVITIES OF THE ELDERS USING SMART WATCHES(International Journal of Scientific Research in Information Systems and Engineering, 2017) Şengül, Gökhan; Şengül, Gökhan; Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringIn this paper, we propose a model for using smart watches as Internet of Things (IoT). IoT can be defined as a network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items which have electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity so that these “things” can collect and exchange data. In the proposed system, the purpose is to identify daily activities such as walking, sitting, falling, etc., by using the data acquired from the sensors of a smart watch. As smart watches have the necessary hardware and sensors, the implementation such an IoT application would not cost much. Moreover, analyzing the sensor data would yield useful information. Besides it would be a user-friendly system that does not make the elderly uncomfortable. As being a watch, this device can be always on the user. The proposed system is implemented and the results of initial experiments and user experiences are promising.Article Citation Count: 0SS-MLA: a semisupervised method for multi-label annotation of remotely sensed images(Spie-soc Photo-optical instrumentation Engineers, 2021) Üstünkök, Tolga; Karakaya, Murat; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Software Engineering; Computer EngineeringRecent technological advancements in satellite imagery have increased the production of remotely sensed images. Therefore, developing efficient methods for annotating these images has gained popularity. Most of the current state-of-the-art methods are based on supervised machine learning techniques. We propose a method called semisupervised multi-label annotizer (SS-MLA) that adapts vector-quantized temporal associative memory to annotate remotely sensed images. One of the advantages of SS-MLA over the supervised methods is that it extracts features not only from the given sample but also from similar samples that are previously seen without using an explicit attention mechanism Thus SS-MLA enhances the learning efficiency of the training process. We conduct extensive performance comparisons with five different methods in the literature over four datasets. The comparison results indicate the success of the proposed method over the existing ones: SS-MLA generates the best results in 7 out of 11 comparisons. (C) 2021 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)Article UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA TRANSFER: A SECURE SYSTEM TO PUSH THE DATA FROM A HIGH SECURITY NETWORK TO A LOWER ONE OVER AN ACTUAL AIR-GAP(International Journal of Scientific Research in Information Systems and Engineering, 2017) Şengül, Gökhan; Bostan, Atila; Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringThe term “air-gap” is typically used to refer physical and logical separation of two computer networks. This type of a separation is generally preferred when the security levels of the networks are not identical. Although the security requirements entail parting the data networks, there is a growing need for fast and automatic transfer of data especially from high-security networks to low-security ones. To protect security sensitive system from the risks originating from low-security network, unidirectional connections that permit the data transfer only from high to low-security network, namely information-diodes, are in use. Nonetheless, each diode solution has its drawbacks either in performance or security viewpoints. In this study, we present a unidirectional data transfer system in which the primary focus is data and signal security in technical design and with a plausible and adaptable data transfer performance. Such that the networks do not touch each other either in physically or logically and the transfer is guaranteed to be unidirectional. Apart from avoiding the malicious transmissions from low to high-security network, we claim that the proposed data diode design is safe from emanation leakage with respect to the contemporary sniffing and spoofing techniques.Article Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons for Indoor Localization(International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 2017) Şengül, Gökhan; Karakaya, Murat; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons gain high popularity due to their low consumption of energy and, thereby, long lifetime. Using the BLE protocol, these devices emit advertisement packets at fixed intervals for a short duration. Indoor localization solutions aim to provide an accurate, low cost estimate of sub-room indoor positioning. There are various techniques proposed for this purpose. BLE Beacons are good hardware candidates to assist the creation of such indoor localization solutions. Given the exact position of BLE Beacons, one can attempt to estimate a receiver position according to the received signal power. In this work, we investigated the success of such an indoor localization approach employing multiple BLE Beacons and two different estimation techniques. The results of the experiments indicate that employing multiple BLE Beacons increases the success of prediction techniques considerably.Article Yazılım Mühendisliği Eğitiminde Bitirme Projesi Dersinin Öğrenci Bakış Açısıyla Değerlendirilmesi(Ulusal Yazılım Mühendisliği Sempozyumu, 2013) Bostan, Atila; Karakaya, Murat; Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringYazılım mühendisliği eğitiminin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak bitirme projesi dersi Türkiye’deki ilgili tüm programların müfredatlarında yer almaktadır. Lisans eğitim sürecinin son aşamasında çeşitli isimlerle yer alan ve öğrencilerin proje geliştirme süreçlerini grup içerisindeki çalışmalar ile tecrübe etmelerine olanak sağlayan bu ders, üniversiteler tarafından değişik şekillerde ele alın makta ve yönetilmektedir. Yazılım mühendisliği lisans eğitimindeki diğer derslerden gerek işleniş ve gerekse beklentiler açısından farklı olan bu dersin verilme sürecinde çeşitli sorunlarla ve güçlüklerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; yazılım mühendisliği programlarında verilen bitirme projesi dersinin öğrenci bakış açısından irdelenmesi için bu dersi alan öğrencilere anket yapılmış, öğrencilerin yaşdıkları zorluklar ile karşılaştıkları sorunlar belirlenmiş ve dersin öğrenciler açısından daha etkin ve faydalı olması için alınabilecek tedbirler öneriler olarak çalışmanın sonunda sunulmuşturArticle Yollara Yerleştirilen El Yapımı Patlayıcılara Karşı Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağların Kullanımı(Bilim ve Teknoloji, 2013) Karakaya, Kasım Murat; Computer EngineeringGünümüzde dünyanın birçok farklı noktasında yaşanan asimetrik savaş ve çatışma koşullarında teröristler tarafından öldürücü bir silaha dönüştürülen El Yapımı Patlayıcılar (EYP) güvenlik kuvvetleri ile sivil halka verdikleri kayıplar nedeniyle küresel çapta giderek büyük bir tehdit oluşturmaktadırlar. Örneğin, yol kenarlarına yerleştirilen EYP 2001-2008 yılları arasında Irak’ta 3000’den, Afganistan’da ise 240’dan fazla Amerikan askerinin ölümüne neden olmuştur [1]. Başka bir deyişle Iraktaki tüm Amerikan kayıplarının %60’ı, Afganistanda ise %50’si EYP saldırıları ile olmuştur. Amerikan ordusu bu tehdite karşı istihbarat ağlarını kullanmak ve direnişçilerin EYP tetiklemek için kullandığı radyo frekans aralıklarını karıştırmak gibi tedbirler geliştirmiştir. Ancak Direnişçiler de bu tedbirlere karşılık vererek uzaktan patlatmada kullanılan teknikleri hızlıca değiştirip çeşitlendirmişlerdir.