Architecture of bone tissue and its adaptation to pathological conditions

Abstract

Bone tissue is a mineralized and viscous-elastic connective tissue, which exerts crucial functions in our body such as support and protection of other tissues and mineral storage. Bone can adapt itself through a remodeling process, which is controlled by its cells, various local and systemic factors. It is a very complicated process composed of both cellular reactions and its effects on the internal structure of the bone. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation due to disease may alter its structure and mechanics. Mechanical properties of bone tissue are affected by different loading grades. Collagen material found in the extracellular matrix gives bone its elasticity. Bone is, nevertheless, a fragile structure depending on the loading and mineral content that also strengthens the bone. In this chapter, the structure of the bone in micro and macro scale, its mechanical properties in physiological circumstances and adaptation to pathological conditions will be discussed. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.