Türkiye`nin kuzeyindeki Orduköy heyelanından alınan yoğrulmuş kil numuneleri üzerinde reziduel kayma dayanımı incelemesi
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Date
2017
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Abstract
Türkiye'de heyelanlar doğal afetler içinde sık karşılaşılan olaylar içinde yer almaktadır. Heyelan çözüm projelerinin oluşturulabilmesi için heyelan mekanizmasının gerçekçi bir şekilde modellenmesi gerekir. Kayma düzlemindeki rezidüel kayma dayanımı parametrelerine ilişkin belirsizlik, güvenilir bir model oluşturmak için çözülmesi gereken önemli bir konudur. Rezidüel kayma dayanımı parametreleri laboratuvarda tekrarlı direkt kesme deneyleri ve halka kesme deneyleri ile arazide ise veyn testi ile belirlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Sinop'daki heyelandan alınan yoğrulmuş kil numuneleri üzerinde tekrarlı direk kesme deneyleri yapılarak rezidüel kayma dayanımı parametreleri incelenmiştir. Kil numunelerinin Atterbeg limitleri, LL=64 ve PI=43 olup kil yüzdesi 59.5'dir. Yoğrulmuş numune hazırlanması sırasında, kesme deneylerinden önceki konsolidasyon süresinin azaltılması; konsolidasyon yüklemeleri sırasında direk kesme kutusu içinde numune kaybının önlenmesi; benzer numunelerin hazırlanabilmesi amaçlarıyla konsolidasyon büyük kutusu imal edilmiştir. Tekrarlı direk kesme deneyleri 0.0007 mm/dak ile 0.024 mm/dak arasında değişen kesme hızlarında, 51.1, 102.2, ve 204.4 kPa normal gerilme altında, 5 ila 9 tekrar yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Testlerde kesme hızının rezidüel kayma dayanımına etkisi gözlenmiş olup, gelecekteki çalışmalarda dikkate alınması için bu etkiye ilişkin gözlemler açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada rezidüel sürtünme açısı, rezidüel kayma dayanımının elde edildiği andaki sekant sürtünme açısı olarak (c=0) düşünülmüştür. Sekant sürtünme açısı 11.7°to 13.2° arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmanın kısıtlamaları tartışılmış olup, tahmin edilen rezidüel kayma dayanımı parametreleri, literatürde önerilen ampirik ilişkiler ve geri analizlerden bulunan değerler ile uyumludur.
Landslides are among the frequent natural disasters in Turkey. In order to take effective remedial measures for active landslides, their mechanism should be accurately modeled for analyses. The uncertainty regarding the residual shear strength on failure plane is a significant issue to be solved for a reliable model. The residual shear strength can be measured by multi-reversal direct shear tests and ring shear tests in laboratories, and by vane tests on the sites of landslides. In the scope of this study, the residual shear strength of remoulded clay specimens recovered from a landslide in Sinop Province of Turkey is investigated by the multi reversal direct shear test results. Atterberg limits for clay specimens are LL=64, PI=43 and clay fraction in the specimens is 59.5%. A big consolidation box has been built to reduce the total time necessary for consolidation before shearing, and to solve the issues relevant to squeezing the very soft remoulded clay in direct shear box, and to prepare uniform specimens for testing. Multi-reversal direct shear tests on consolidated specimens were run with shearing rates ranging from 0.0007 mm/min to 0.024 mm/min. The number of shearing cycles was ranging from 5 to 9. The set of normal stress included the figures 51.1, 102.2, and 204.4 kPa. The rate effect on residual shear strength was observed in the tests, and a number of preliminary observations on this effect was explained for consideration in future testing studies. In this study, the residual friction angle is supposed to be the secant friction angle (c=0) during mobilization of residual strength. The secant friction angle is estimated to be ranging from 11.7° to 13.2°. The limitations of this study are criticized. The estimated range of angle of residual strength was observed to be reasonably consistent with empirical relationships presented in literature and with the figures estimated according to the limit-equilibrium analyses of the landslide.
Landslides are among the frequent natural disasters in Turkey. In order to take effective remedial measures for active landslides, their mechanism should be accurately modeled for analyses. The uncertainty regarding the residual shear strength on failure plane is a significant issue to be solved for a reliable model. The residual shear strength can be measured by multi-reversal direct shear tests and ring shear tests in laboratories, and by vane tests on the sites of landslides. In the scope of this study, the residual shear strength of remoulded clay specimens recovered from a landslide in Sinop Province of Turkey is investigated by the multi reversal direct shear test results. Atterberg limits for clay specimens are LL=64, PI=43 and clay fraction in the specimens is 59.5%. A big consolidation box has been built to reduce the total time necessary for consolidation before shearing, and to solve the issues relevant to squeezing the very soft remoulded clay in direct shear box, and to prepare uniform specimens for testing. Multi-reversal direct shear tests on consolidated specimens were run with shearing rates ranging from 0.0007 mm/min to 0.024 mm/min. The number of shearing cycles was ranging from 5 to 9. The set of normal stress included the figures 51.1, 102.2, and 204.4 kPa. The rate effect on residual shear strength was observed in the tests, and a number of preliminary observations on this effect was explained for consideration in future testing studies. In this study, the residual friction angle is supposed to be the secant friction angle (c=0) during mobilization of residual strength. The secant friction angle is estimated to be ranging from 11.7° to 13.2°. The limitations of this study are criticized. The estimated range of angle of residual strength was observed to be reasonably consistent with empirical relationships presented in literature and with the figures estimated according to the limit-equilibrium analyses of the landslide.
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İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
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