III-35/A.2 Sayılı Kitle Fonlaması Tebliği ile Kabul Edilen Pay Devri Sınırlamaları
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Date
2025
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Abstract
Türk anonim şirketler hukukunda pay devrinin sınırlandırılmasına dair temel hükümler, Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK) m. 491 ve devamındaki hükümlerde yer almaktadır. Ancak mevzuatımızda, TTK’dan bazı yönlerden ayrılan ve belirli menfaat gruplarını veya payları esas alan pay devrini sınırlayıcı düzenlemeler de bulunmaktadır. Bu düzenlemelerden biri, SerPK m. 35/A/2 hükmüne dayanılarak Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu tarafından 2021 yılında çıkarılan III-35/A.2 sayılı Kitle Fonlaması Tebliği’dir. Anılan Tebliğ’de, kitle fonlama plâtformlarının ortaklık yapısı, ortaklarının sahip olması gereken özellikler, belirli nitelikteki paylar ve plâtformların bazı niteliklere sahip tüzel kişi ortaklarının ortaklık yapıları açısından pay devri sınırlamaları öngörülmüştür. Tebliğ’de ayrıca, girişimciler ve girişim şirketinin ortaklarından fonlanan şirkette önemli etkiye sahip olacaklar yönünden de payların devri sınırlandırılmış ve hatta payların edinimi yasaklanmıştır. Çalışmada, Tebliğ’in yukarıda genel hatlarıyla değinilen konulara ilişkin hükümleri, pay devri sınırlamaları kurumu açısından incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, bahsi geçen Tebliğ ile getirilen hükümlerin temel özelliklerine değinilmiş ve bu hükümlerin mevzuatımızdaki diğer bazı düzenlemelerle benzerlikleri ve farkları hakkında konuyu ilgilendirdiği ölçüde karşılaştırmalı olarak açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca, konunun mülkiyet hakkı açısından ön plâna çıkan noktaları ve karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki durumu üzerinde de durulmuştur.
The fundamental provisions regarding the share transfer restrictions under the law of Turkish joint stock company are set out in Articles 491 et seq. of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC). However, Turkish legislation also contains restrictive regulations on share transfers that diverge from the TCC in certain respects and that are based on specific groups of interests or particular categories of shares. One such regulation is Communiqué on Crowdfunding (No. III-35/A.2), issued by the Capital Markets Board in 2021 pursuant to Article 35/A paragraph 2 of the Capital Markets Law. The Communiqué imposes share transfer restrictions concerning the shareholding structure of crowdfunding platforms, the qualifications required of their shareholders, certain categories of shares, and the shareholding structures of platform shareholders that possess specific characteristics. The Communiqué also restricts —and even prohibits—the transfer of shares by entrepreneurs and by those shareholders of the venture company who would have significant influence in the funded company. This study examines the provisions of Communiqué No. III-35/A.2 relating to the matters outlined above from the perspective of the institution of share transfer restrictions. Within this framework, the study addresses the fundamental features of the provisions introduced by the aforementioned Communiqué and, to the extent relevant to the subject, offers comparative explanations regarding their similarities to and differences from certain other regulations in Turkish legislation. In addition, the study addresses salient aspects of the issue in terms of the right of ownership and considers the corresponding legal position in comparative law.
The fundamental provisions regarding the share transfer restrictions under the law of Turkish joint stock company are set out in Articles 491 et seq. of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC). However, Turkish legislation also contains restrictive regulations on share transfers that diverge from the TCC in certain respects and that are based on specific groups of interests or particular categories of shares. One such regulation is Communiqué on Crowdfunding (No. III-35/A.2), issued by the Capital Markets Board in 2021 pursuant to Article 35/A paragraph 2 of the Capital Markets Law. The Communiqué imposes share transfer restrictions concerning the shareholding structure of crowdfunding platforms, the qualifications required of their shareholders, certain categories of shares, and the shareholding structures of platform shareholders that possess specific characteristics. The Communiqué also restricts —and even prohibits—the transfer of shares by entrepreneurs and by those shareholders of the venture company who would have significant influence in the funded company. This study examines the provisions of Communiqué No. III-35/A.2 relating to the matters outlined above from the perspective of the institution of share transfer restrictions. Within this framework, the study addresses the fundamental features of the provisions introduced by the aforementioned Communiqué and, to the extent relevant to the subject, offers comparative explanations regarding their similarities to and differences from certain other regulations in Turkish legislation. In addition, the study addresses salient aspects of the issue in terms of the right of ownership and considers the corresponding legal position in comparative law.
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İşletme, Hukuk
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Source
İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi
Volume
16
Issue
2
Start Page
641
End Page
654
