Loss and Annulment of Cheque
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2025
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Çek, tedavül gücü yüksek ve kamu güvenini haiz bir kıymetli evraktır. Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun 645. maddesine göre çek, içerdiği hakla birlikte devredilir ve bu hak, çek olmadan kullanılamaz. Aynı zamanda çek, görüldüğünde ödenecek bir kıymetli evraktır. Çekte yer alan hakkın talep edilebilmesi için muhatap bankaya süresi içinde ibraz edilmesi gerekmektedir. İbraz ile birlikte çek hamili, çeke sıkı sıkıya bağlı olan alacağına kavuşabilecektir. Çekin kaybolması, çalınması, yanması gibi nedenlerle hamilin rızası dışında elinden çıkması ya da kullanılamayacak hale gelmesi durumunda, çek muhatap bankaya ibraz edilemez. Çekin muhatap bankaya ibraz edilememesi ise hamilin çekteki alacağına ulaşamaması sorununu ortaya çıkarır. Bu sorunun çözümü için Türk Ticaret Kanunu, çekin iptali hükümlerini düzenlemiştir. Çalışmamız zayi olmuş çeke uygulanacak ödeme yasağı, tevdi yeri belirlenmesi, iptal ve iade kararları öğreti ve yargı kararları ışığında incelenmiştir.
A cheque is a negotiable instrument with high circulation power and public trust. According to Article 645 of the Turkish Commercial Code, a cheque is transferred together with the right it contains, and this right cannot be exercised without the cheque. At the same time, a cheque is a negotiable instrument payable on demand. To exercise the right associated with the cheque, it must be presented to the drawee bank within the prescribed period. Upon presentation, the cheque holder can obtain the claim tied to the cheque. In cases where the cheque is lost, stolen, burned, or otherwise removed from the holder's possession without consent or rendered unusable, it cannot be presented to the drawee bank. Failure to present the cheque to the drawee bank creates the issue of the holder being unable to access the claim on the cheque. To resolve this issue, the Turkish Commercial Code provides provisions for the annulment of the cheque. This study examines the payment prohibition applicable to lost cheques, the determination of a deposit place, and the annulment and return decisions in light of doctrine and judicial decisions.
A cheque is a negotiable instrument with high circulation power and public trust. According to Article 645 of the Turkish Commercial Code, a cheque is transferred together with the right it contains, and this right cannot be exercised without the cheque. At the same time, a cheque is a negotiable instrument payable on demand. To exercise the right associated with the cheque, it must be presented to the drawee bank within the prescribed period. Upon presentation, the cheque holder can obtain the claim tied to the cheque. In cases where the cheque is lost, stolen, burned, or otherwise removed from the holder's possession without consent or rendered unusable, it cannot be presented to the drawee bank. Failure to present the cheque to the drawee bank creates the issue of the holder being unable to access the claim on the cheque. To resolve this issue, the Turkish Commercial Code provides provisions for the annulment of the cheque. This study examines the payment prohibition applicable to lost cheques, the determination of a deposit place, and the annulment and return decisions in light of doctrine and judicial decisions.
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Hukuk, Law
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119