Osmanlı Ermenilerinin 1915'teki Tehciri ve Uluslararası Hukuk: Hadiselerin Yasal Çerçevede Sorgulanması
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Date
2016
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Abstract
Bu tez temel olarak Osmanlı Ermenilerinin 1915'de Tehcir edilmesini uluslararası hukuk çerçevesinde analiz ederek, soykırım iddialarının geçerliliğini sorgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ilgili uluslararası hukuki belgeler özellikle 1948 tarihli Soykırım Sözleşmesi incelenmiştir. Tarihi gerçekleri saptırarak hukuki olarak farklı sonuçlara ulaşılabileceği Ermenilerin Tehciri konusunda olduğu gibi mümkündür. Bundan dolayı, burada açıkça ifade edilmeli ki, bu çalışmanın konusunu tarihi gerçekleri inceleyerek Türk ve Ermeni taraflarının anlatıları arasındaki farklılığı ortaya koymak oluşturmamakta olup, hukuki analizler Türk tarafının tarihi anlatıları temel alınarak yapılmıştır ki bu anlatılar saygın Türk ve Batılı bilim adamlarınca da desteklenmektedir. Türkiye'yi Ermenilere karşı yargılama yapılmaksızın soykırım suçu işlemekle suçlamak ya da 1915 Tehciri'ni soykırım olarak nitelendirmek uluslararası hukukun ihlalidir. 1948 tarihli Soykırım Sözleşmesi'ne göre ilgili mahkemeler soykırım suçunun yargılanması için yetkili kılınmıştır. Tarihçilerin, politikacıların, gazetecilerin, hukukçuların bile Tehcirin soykırım olarak nitelendirilmesi ile ilgili kesin hüküm verme yetkileri yoktur, çünkü terim hukuki nitelik taşımaktadır. Geriye yürümezlik ilkesi gereğince Soykırım Sözleşmesi'nin sözleşmenin kabulünden önce gerçekleşen hadiselere uygulanması mümkün olmamakla birlikte, bu tez sözleşme uygulansaydı Tehcirin soykırım suçunu oluşturmayacağını savunmaktadır. Ayrıca, şu anki uluslararası ceza hukuku kapsamında Tehcir insanlığa karşı suç ya da savaş suçu dahi teşkil etmemektedir. Çünkü, askeri zorunluluklar Osmanlı Devletini tehcir kararını almaya zorlamıştır.
This dissertation primarily analyses the relocation of the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire, which mainly took place in 1915, in the sphere of international law in order to investigate the validity of the genocide allegations. In this context, all the relevant international legal instruments, in particular, the genocide convention of 1948, are examined. It is obvious that by distorting the historical facts, one can achieve an exclusively different sequel in the legal dimension, as in the case of the relocation of Armenians. Thus, it has to be explicitly expressed here that it is not in the scope of this thesis to scrutinize the historical facts for to illustrate the asymmetries between the narratives of both the Armenian and the Turkish sides. In this respect, the legal analyses are based on the Turkish side of the story, as it is supported by many prominent Turkish as well as Western scholars. Accusing Turkey of committing genocide against the Armenians or qualifying the relocation as genocide, even without a trail, is merely a violation of international law. Pursuant to the Genocide Convention of 1948 the relevant courts are assigned to convict on charges of genocide, consequently not historians, politicians, journalists even jurists have the final say regarding the qualification of the relocation as genocide, as it is a legal term. Despite the general principle of non-retroactivity, which prohibits the application of the Convention on the events that took place prior to the related Convention, this study claims that if the convention were to be implemented, the relocation of Armenians would not constitute the crime of genocide. Moreover, under the current international criminal law the relocation of Armenians could not be qualified as crime against humanity or even a war crime. For, it was the military imperatives forced the Ottoman State to take the relocation decission.
This dissertation primarily analyses the relocation of the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire, which mainly took place in 1915, in the sphere of international law in order to investigate the validity of the genocide allegations. In this context, all the relevant international legal instruments, in particular, the genocide convention of 1948, are examined. It is obvious that by distorting the historical facts, one can achieve an exclusively different sequel in the legal dimension, as in the case of the relocation of Armenians. Thus, it has to be explicitly expressed here that it is not in the scope of this thesis to scrutinize the historical facts for to illustrate the asymmetries between the narratives of both the Armenian and the Turkish sides. In this respect, the legal analyses are based on the Turkish side of the story, as it is supported by many prominent Turkish as well as Western scholars. Accusing Turkey of committing genocide against the Armenians or qualifying the relocation as genocide, even without a trail, is merely a violation of international law. Pursuant to the Genocide Convention of 1948 the relevant courts are assigned to convict on charges of genocide, consequently not historians, politicians, journalists even jurists have the final say regarding the qualification of the relocation as genocide, as it is a legal term. Despite the general principle of non-retroactivity, which prohibits the application of the Convention on the events that took place prior to the related Convention, this study claims that if the convention were to be implemented, the relocation of Armenians would not constitute the crime of genocide. Moreover, under the current international criminal law the relocation of Armenians could not be qualified as crime against humanity or even a war crime. For, it was the military imperatives forced the Ottoman State to take the relocation decission.
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Hukuk, Tarih, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Ermeni tehciri, Law, Ermeniler, History, International Relations, Osmanlı Devleti, Armenian deportation, Armenians, Soykırım, Ottoman State, Uluslararası Hukuk, Genocide, International Law, Uluslararası ceza hukuku, International criminal law
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108