Musculoskeletal Tumors in Orthopaedic Oncology: Current Concepts, Challenges, and Multidisciplinary Management

Abstract

Orthopedic oncology encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for optimal care. This review provides a thorough examination of modern treatment modalities, encompassing surgical procedures, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and rehabilitation. It emphasizes the importance of the collaborative effort between orthopedic surgeons, radiologists, oncologists, and pathologists. Continuous collaboration among these disciplines not only improves diagnostic precision but also facilitates timely decision-making throughout the patient's treatment journey. The synergy of multidisciplinary expertise fosters diagnostic accuracy, individualized therapeutic strategies, and superior patient outcomes through coordinated, evidence-driven decision-making. This review promotes the ongoing improvement of multidisciplinary care in orthopedic oncology by incorporating recent research findings and advancements, with the objective of enhancing the quality of life and treatment success of patients with musculoskeletal malignancies. © 2026 The Authors