Yapabilirlikler Yaklaşımı Perspektifinden Emma ve Jane Eyre'de İngiliz Toplumundaki Kadının Rolü

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2022

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Department of English Language and Literature
(1997)
Founded in 1997, the Department of English Language and Literature is one of the first Departments of Atılım University. Through the graduate and doctorate degree programs in addition to the undergraduate program, the Department raises students and academicians. At the Department of English Language and Literature, we aim to graduate students who have studied and learned the English language and literature at an advanced level and developed the skill to produce ideas; as well as the ability to do analyses and academic research on literature. In addition to granting our students with the opportunity to develop their backgrounds in general culture, the education that we offer contributes to their interest and knowledge in contemporary and current issues. Accredited for 5 years from February 24th 2019 by FEDEK, our undergraduate program grants our students the opportunity to join Double-Major or Minor programs in Translation and Interpretation, and International Relations. Another option for the students of our Department is the Erasmus Exchange Program.
Department
Department of English Language and Literature
Our M.A. and Ph.D. programs cover English Culture and Literature studies including the most recent studies in this field. The aim of these post graduate programs is to enable students to benefit from these studies to create original thoughts and views and also guide them in their academic studies, written in accordance with academic rules. The M.A. and Ph.D. programs have been opened under the department of English Language and Literature of the Graduate School of Social Sciences at Atılım University. The M.A. program was opened in 30.12.1998 and the Ph.D. program was opened in 15.10.2009, the titles of both were changed into “English Culture and Literature” in 23.09.2011 and in 02.08.2010 respectively. The courses in both programs cover mainly the studies that have been conducted in the field of English Literature and Culture and the aim of both programs is to provide students with the ability to develop their academic skills while doing academic research which will widen their academic horizons.

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Bu çalışma, erken 19.yüzyıl ve Viktorya dönemine ait Emma and Jane Eyre romanlarını, kadının eğitim, evlilik, iş ve sosyal hayattaki rolleri açısından analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, zamanın iki kadın yazarının gözünden, kadınların gerçek hayatta yaşadıkları sorunları, otobiyografik ögeler de kullanarak, romanlarında kurguladıkları kadın kahramanlar üzerinden yansıtmaları açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu, Austen'da, görgü romanı ve komik ögeler ile, Brontë'de ise gotik romantik detaylar ile zenginleştirilmiş Bildungsroman ile yapılmaktadır. Çalışmayı farklı kılan bir diğer özellik de, bu iki 'klasik' edebi eserin 'çağdaş' bir kuram olan Amartya Sen'in Yapabilirlikler Yaklaşımı perspektifinden incelenmesidir. Bu kuramları kullanmak önemli ve uygundur; zira kuram, kadınların hayatta ilerlemelerinin önünü tıkayan zamanın sosyal ve dini faktörlerinin aksine, kadınların da içinde bulunduğu, toplumda ayrımcılığa uğrayan gruplara sunulan fırsatların (yapabilirlikler) genişletilmesini ve onların kazanabilecekleri başarıları (functioning), yani, onları güçlendirmeyi (empowerment) öncelemektedir. Böyle yaparak, zamanın ilerici kadın yazarlarının kurgusal söylemleriyle toplumsal uygulamalara dair sergiledikleri karşı duruşu da anlamlandırabileceğimiz uygun bir zemin de yaratılmış olmaktadır. Son olarak, her ne kadar romanlardaki kadın kahramanlar kişisel gelişim süreçleri için çıktıkları serüveni tamamlasalar da, sonunda onlara zamanın popüler bir başarısı ve ataerkil toplumun temellerinden olan 'evliliği' getiren zaaflarının esiri olmaktadırlar; Emma, roman boyunca evliliği küçümseyerek sonunda ona teslim olmasıyla, Jane Eyre ise bağımsızlığa olan düşkünlüğünden evlilik için vaz geçmesiyle.
The current thesis aims to analyse the fictions of the early 19th century and Victorian time as Emma and Jane Eyre in terms of the roles of women in education, marriage, work and social life. The study bares significance in terms of the two women writers of the time reflecting in their novels through their heroines the issues women went through in real life by using autobiographical elements. This is done by the novel of manners and comic elements as with Austen, and with Brontë, through Bildungsroman enriched with gothic romantic details. Another aspect that makes this study different is that these two 'classical' literary works have been examined from the perspective of a 'contemporary' framework as the Capabilities Approach of Amartya Sen. Using this framework is important and appropriate as in contrast to the social and religious factors of the time that narrow the possibilities for women's expansion in life, it prioritizes the enhancement of opportunities presented to (capabilities) and achievements that can be attained (functionings) by discriminated groups in society including women; i.e. their empowerment. By doing so, a suitable ground is also created to make sense of the stance that progressivist writers of the time presented against the social conventions through their fictional discourses. As a final word, although the woman protagonists in the novels complete their quests for self-development, they are enslaved by their foibles that bring them the popular 'functioning' of the time, 'marriage' in the end, as one of the pillars of the patriarchal society; Emma, by despising marriage throughout and surrendering it in the end, and Jane Eyre, abandoning her devotion to independence for marriage.

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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Jane Eyre, Kadınlar, English Language and Literature, Jane Eyre, Roman, Women, İngiliz edebiyatı, Novel, English literature, İngiltere, England

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