Dünya Ticaret Örgütü: Anlaşmazlıkların halli mekanizması ve Türkiye'nin taraf olduğu uyuşmazlıklar
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Date
2009
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ) uluslararası ticaretin kurallarını düzenleyen tek uluslararası kuruluştur. Anlaşma niteliğindeki Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Anlaşması'nın (GATT) yerini alan DTÖ kapsamında, üye devletler arasındaki ticari uyuşmazlıkların çözümlenmesini teminen, bir Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması ve Türkiye'nin söz konusu mekanizma çerçevesinde taraf olduğu uyuşmazlıklar incelenmiştir.DTÖ'ne üye devletler arasındaki ticari uyuşmazlıkların çözümü sürecinde uygulanan usul ve esaslar Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mutabakat Metni'ne (AHMM) dayanmaktadır. Mutabakat Metni hükümleri, GATT kurallarına kıyasla çok daha bağlayıcı ve otomatiktir. Anlaşmazlıkların halli sistemi danışma görüşmeleri, panel süreci, temyiz süreci, tavsiye ve kararların uygulanması olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Söz konusu sistem çerçevesinde yapılan istişare başvurularına, kurulan panellere ve Temyiz Organı'na götürülen panel kararlarına ilişkin istatistiki veriler değerlendirildiğinde, DTÖ Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması'nın etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.DTÖ'nün kurucu üyesi olan Türkiye, Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması kapsamında toplam 10 uyuşmazlıkta taraf olmuştur. Türkiye'nin anlaşmazlıkların halli sisteminde taraf olduğu uyuşmazlıklara ilişkin veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Türkiye'nin AHMM'den kaynaklanan yükümlülüklerine uygun hareket ettiği gözlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, Avrupa Birliği kriterlerine uygun bir düzenlemeye ilişkin olarak, DTÖ'nün, Türkiye'nin DTÖ kurallarına aykırı hareket ettiği yönünde karar verdiği hususu dikkate alınarak, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği ile tam üyelik müzakerelerinde DTÖ Anlaşmalarından kaynaklanan yükümlülüklerini göz önünde bulundurması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Türkiye, DTÖ Anlaşmalarına dayanarak yaptığı uygulamalar kapsamında alacağı herhangi bir önlemin DTÖ platformuna taşınabileceğini göz önünde bulundurarak, DTÖ üyeliğinden kaynaklanan yükümlülüklerinin gereğini yerine getirmek konusuna özen göstermeye devam etmelidir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması, DTÖ, GATT.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international body dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. The WTO that replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as an international organization enforces a dispute settlement system to settle disputes between members concerning their rights and obligations under the WTO agreements. In this thesis, the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and dispute settlement cases to which Turkey was the party under the said mechanism were examined.Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) of the WTO is to provide members with a legal framework for solving disputes which may arise in the course of implementing WTO agreements. The DSU provisions are more binding and automatic compared to the GATT rules. The WTO dispute settlement system contains four main stages: consultation, panel, appellate review and implementation. Analyzing the statistical data on the request for consultations, establishment of panels, panel reports appealed under this system, it is concluded that the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism is currently working well.Turkey, being a founding member of the WTO, was a party to the total ten dispute cases under the Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Analyzing the statistical data on these dispute cases, it is observed that Turkey has complied with obligations under the DSU provisions. On the other hand, since the measure imposed by Turkey that was consistent with the European Union?s criteria was found to be inconsistent with the WTO rules, it is concluded that Turkey has to take into consideration her WTO obligations during the accession negotiations with the European Union. Taking into consideration that the measures to be imposed by Turkey based on WTO agreements could be raised at the WTO platform, Turkey has to continue to be attentive to obligations arising under her WTO membership.Keywords: Dispute Settlement Mechanism, GATT, WTO.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international body dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. The WTO that replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as an international organization enforces a dispute settlement system to settle disputes between members concerning their rights and obligations under the WTO agreements. In this thesis, the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and dispute settlement cases to which Turkey was the party under the said mechanism were examined.Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) of the WTO is to provide members with a legal framework for solving disputes which may arise in the course of implementing WTO agreements. The DSU provisions are more binding and automatic compared to the GATT rules. The WTO dispute settlement system contains four main stages: consultation, panel, appellate review and implementation. Analyzing the statistical data on the request for consultations, establishment of panels, panel reports appealed under this system, it is concluded that the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism is currently working well.Turkey, being a founding member of the WTO, was a party to the total ten dispute cases under the Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Analyzing the statistical data on these dispute cases, it is observed that Turkey has complied with obligations under the DSU provisions. On the other hand, since the measure imposed by Turkey that was consistent with the European Union?s criteria was found to be inconsistent with the WTO rules, it is concluded that Turkey has to take into consideration her WTO obligations during the accession negotiations with the European Union. Taking into consideration that the measures to be imposed by Turkey based on WTO agreements could be raised at the WTO platform, Turkey has to continue to be attentive to obligations arising under her WTO membership.Keywords: Dispute Settlement Mechanism, GATT, WTO.
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Ekonomi, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Economics, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü, International Relations, Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Anlaşması, World Trade Organization, General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade, Türkiye, Turkey
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141