Hedonik Tüketim ve Reklamlar: Mücevher Reklamlarının Göstergebilimsel Analizi
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2024
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Abstract
Günümüzde tüketim, temel ihtiyaçların karşılanmasından çok duygusal yöndeki tatmin boyutuyla dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla tüketicilerin satın alma tercihlerinde ürünün fonksiyonel özelliklerinden çok tüketiciyi mutlu eden özellikleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Tüketiciler, gün içerisindeki dertlerinden uzaklaşmak ve mutlu hissedebilmek adına, mevcut maddi durumlarına ve sosyal statülerine göre değil, olmayı istedikleri kişiye dönüşebilmek amacıyla hedonik tüketim eğiliminde olmaktadırlar. Ayrıca bireylerin, sosyal statüsünü pekiştirmek veya artırabilmek, kimliğini oluşturmak ya da gösteriş amacıyla lüks tüketimi tercih etmektedirler. Lüks tüketim ürünleri içerisinde bulunan mücevherler, fonksiyonel özellikleri dolayısıyla değil, tatmin duygusu ile tercih edildiği için hedonik tüketim sınıfına da girmektedir. Mücevherlerde, tüketicilerin duygusal yönlerine hitap ederek satın alma arzusu yaratan en önemli unsur, reklamlardır. Bu araştırmada tüketim kültürü, hedonik tüketim, reklamlar ve lüks ürünlerin pazarlanmasında reklamların rolü konularına değinilerek, YouTube platformu üzerinde 'mücevher reklamları' aramasında önlerde çıkan ve en çok izlenen mücevher markaları arasında olan Roberto Bravo ve Ema'nın YouTube platformunda yer alan reklamları, nitel araştırma türlerinden göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, reklamlardaki ürünlerin işlevsel, maddi ve somut değerlerinden çok, manevi ve soyut değerleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Diğer bir deyişle mücevher reklamlarında, ürünlerin tüketiciye neler hissettireceği, ne tür duygular ve sosyal statü kazandıracağı üzerinde durularak tüketicilerde bu ürünleri satın alma isteği oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Today, consumption draws attention with its emotional satisfaction rather than meeting basic needs. Therefore, in consumers' purchasing preferences, the features that make the consumer happy rather than the functional features of the product come to the fore. In order to get away from their daily troubles and feel happy, consumers tend to prefer hedonic consumption in order to become the person they want to be, not according to their current financial situation and social status. In addition, individuals prefer luxury consumption in order to reinforce or increase their social status, to create their identity or to show off. Jewelry, which is among the luxury consumer products, also falls into the hedonic consumption class because it is preferred not for its functional features but for a sense of satisfaction. Advertisements are the most important element in jewelery that appeals to consumers' emotional aspects and creates a desire to purchase. In this research, the subjects of consumption culture, hedonic consumption, advertisements and the role of advertisements in the marketing of luxury products are touched upon, and the advertisements of Roberto Bravo and Ema, which are among the most watched jewelry brands and come to the fore in the search for 'jewelry advertisements' on the YouTube, are analyzed using the semiotic analysis method, which is one of the qualitative analysis methods. According to the results of the research, in the advertisements, the emphasis was on the spiritual and intangible values of the products rather than their functional, material and concrete values. In other words, through jewelry advertisements, it was tried to create a desire to purchase products by emphasizing how the products would make the consumer feel, what kind of emotions and social status they would bring.
Today, consumption draws attention with its emotional satisfaction rather than meeting basic needs. Therefore, in consumers' purchasing preferences, the features that make the consumer happy rather than the functional features of the product come to the fore. In order to get away from their daily troubles and feel happy, consumers tend to prefer hedonic consumption in order to become the person they want to be, not according to their current financial situation and social status. In addition, individuals prefer luxury consumption in order to reinforce or increase their social status, to create their identity or to show off. Jewelry, which is among the luxury consumer products, also falls into the hedonic consumption class because it is preferred not for its functional features but for a sense of satisfaction. Advertisements are the most important element in jewelery that appeals to consumers' emotional aspects and creates a desire to purchase. In this research, the subjects of consumption culture, hedonic consumption, advertisements and the role of advertisements in the marketing of luxury products are touched upon, and the advertisements of Roberto Bravo and Ema, which are among the most watched jewelry brands and come to the fore in the search for 'jewelry advertisements' on the YouTube, are analyzed using the semiotic analysis method, which is one of the qualitative analysis methods. According to the results of the research, in the advertisements, the emphasis was on the spiritual and intangible values of the products rather than their functional, material and concrete values. In other words, through jewelry advertisements, it was tried to create a desire to purchase products by emphasizing how the products would make the consumer feel, what kind of emotions and social status they would bring.
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Reklamcılık, Göstergebilimsel analiz, Advertising, Semiotic analysis
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