Aydınlanma-kemalizm-modern cumhuriyet

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2011

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Ülker, Halil İbrahim

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Department of Public Administration and Political Science
The graduate programs offered by our department includes a master program and a PhD program in Political Science and Public Administration. Master program includes thesis and non-thesis options. The overall aim of our graduate programs is to prepare students for specialization in Political Science and Public Administration. The curricula of our programs are carefully designed to achieve this aim. All programs offered by our department are supported by our highly qualified departmental faculty members. Our master programs provide students with both practical skills and sound theoretical knowledge. They also provide students with good understanding of Turkish and World politics and administration. While the non-thesis studens will conduct a project, the thesis students will conduct a larger research and write a thesis. Our PhD program prepares students for academic careers in political science and public administration. The program is designed to provide students with substantive theoretical knowledge and research skills. It helps students to develop analytical skills and critical thinking. It also helps students to specialize in at least one sub-field of political science and public administration and to produce not only a PhD thesis but also scholarly articles and books.

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Çözülen ve çöken bir imparatorluktan ulus devlete doğru giden bir süreç vardır. Osmanlı aydınları imparatorluğun çözülüşünü görmektedir. Ortaya koydukları çözümler imparatorluğun sistemi içinde ve onu ayakta tutmaya yöneliktir. Bu çabalarda aydınlanmanın etkileri görülmektedir. Modernleştirici uygulamalarda söz konusudur. Fakat bu çözüm çabaları yıkılması engellenemeyecek bir imparatorluğun ayakta kalmasını hedeflemektedir.Toplumlar tabi oldukları tarihin değişme ve gelişme yasalarını göz ardı etmektedir. Tarihin yasaları imparatorluklar dönemini kapatmakta ve ulus devletleri tarih sahnesine çıkarmaktadır. Kurtuluş Savaşı'nı yürüten kadrolar başta Mustafa Kemal Atatürk olmak üzere imparatorluğun ayakta tutulamayacağını görmüştür. Çabalarını modern bir ulus devleti ortaya çıkarma yönünde yoğunlaştırmışlar ve Kurtuluş Savaşı'na önderlik ederek bağımsız bir devletin kuruluşunu gerçekleştirmişlerdir.Bu Cumhuriyeti kurarken etkilendikleri tarihsel olayların başında 1789 Fransız Devrimi ve onun aydınlanma felsefesi gelmektedir. Bu etkilenim Türk toplumunun modernleşme çabalarında çok açık bir şekilde görülmüştür. Gerçekten bu devrim Osmanlı'dan devraldığı sorunları bütünüyle çözememiştir. Osmanlı'dan devralınan sorunların bütünüyle çözülmesi de günümüze kadar devam eden sorunların-sıkıntıların kaynağı olmuştur.
There is a period moving towards to national state from weakening and collapsing empire. Intellectual people of Ottoman Empire saw the weakening of the empire. Solutions that they put forward were within the system of the empire and oriented to sustain its life. Effects of enlightenment were realized in these efforts. Applications for modernization are in question, too. However these solution efforts aim at sustaining the life of the empire, the collapse of which could not be prevented.Societies have ignored the change and development laws of the history to which they are subject. Period of Empires ends according to the laws of the history and nation states begin to appear on the stage. Groups leading the War of Independence and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as being in the first place realized that empire could not sustain its governance anymore. They concentrated on establishing a modern nation state and they achieved to establish an independent state by taking the lead in the War of Independence.1789 French Revolution and its enlightenment philosophy are one of the top historical events that they were influenced while establishing this Republic. This influence was recognized in the modernization efforts of the Turkish Society. In fact, this revolution could not exactly solve the problems that passed from the Ottoman Empire. Solving the problems that are taken over from the Ottoman Empire becomes the source of problems- troubles that has lasted until our era.

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Siyasal Bilimler, Tarih, Türk İnkılap Tarihi, Aydınlanma, Political Science, Aydınlanma felsefesi, History, History of Turkish Revolution, Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Enlightenment, Enlightenment philosophy, Kemalizm, Republican Period, Osmanlı Dönemi, Kemalism, Ottoman Period, Türkiye, Turkey

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140