Bedensel Bütünlüğün İhlali Halinde Manevi Tazminat Miktarının Belirlenmesi

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2020

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Law
(2003)
Started in 2003 with 21 students, the Atılım University School of Law has so far graduated over 1700 students, and currently offers education for more than 1300 students. With the aim stressed by our Founding Dean Prof. Dr. Nami Çağan, we grant students with the background that allows them to access and evaluate information, rather than overloading them with information dumps during our education and training in the field of law. With a curriculum prepared with this approach and our mission in mind, we aim to graduate our students as actual legal experts who have internalized ethical rules, who are knowledgeable in terms of rules and institutions; and who are cultured, versatile, broad-visioned and inquisitive. In addition to basic courses in law conducted by our academic staff as pioneers of their field with respect to these principles, elective courses are available pursuant to current events such as those in mediation for legal disagreements, law and women, sports law, informatics law, media law and legal English; as well as law clinics to offer effective and interactive education. In addition, graduate and doctorate degree programs, alongside certificate programs such as those to train experts, peace-makers, mediators, and trustees in composition, are underway. A member of the European Law Faculties Association (ELFA), our School offers international relations and events, the Erasmus+ program, national and international fictional court contests, law and art days prepared by our student networks, or career forums in law to collaborate in the personal development of our students.

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Manevi zarar, haksız fiil sonucu bir kişinin kişisel varlığında, şahıs varlığında iradesi dışında meydana gelen eksilmeyi ifade eder. Manevi zarara konu olan kişisel varlıklardan yaşamı, sağlığı ve bedensel bütünlüğü kişinin maddi kişisel varlıklarını oluşturmaktadır. Kişinin maddi nitelikte olmayan kişisel varlıklarını ise şeref ve haysiyeti, ismi, resmi, sesi, özel alanı, özgürlükleri, iktisadi ve ekonomik varlıkları oluşturmaktadır. Gerek maddi kişisel varlıklara gerek ise maddi nitelikte olmayan kişisel varlıklara saldırı sebebiyle kişilik hakkının ihlal edilmesi halinde ihlal sebebiyle oluşan manevi zararın, zarar veren ya da sorumlu olan kişi tarafından giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Kişinin bedensel bütünlüğü, fiziki bütünlük, ruhsal bütünlük ve sağlığından oluşmaktadır. Bedensel bütünlüğü oluşturan bu unsurlar, haksız fiil veya sözleşmeye aykırılık sebebiyle ihlal edildiği takdirde, oluşan manevi zararın TBK m. 56 uyarınca hâkim tarafından zarar gören lehine bir miktar para hükmedilerek giderilebileceği düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca zarar görende ağır bedensel zarar meydana gelmesi veya zarar görenin ölmesi halinde ise yakınlarına da manevi tazminat talep etme hakkı tanınmıştır. TBK m.56'daki düzenlemede hâkimin, manevi tazminat miktarının belirlenmesi aşamasında takdir yetkisini kullanırken somut olayın özelliklerini dikkate alacağı, TMK m.4'deki düzenlemede ise hâkiminin takdir yetkisini kullanırken hukuka ve hakkaniyete uygun karar vereceği belirtilmiştir. Bu düzenlemelerle birlikte Yargıtay İçtihadı Birleştirme Genel Kurul kararlarıyla da manevi tazminat miktarının belirlenmesinde hâkimin göz önünde bulundurabileceği somut kriterler yaratılma yoluna gidilmiştir. Böylelikle hâkim, bedensel bütünlüğün ihlali halinde oluşan manevi zararın telafisi için somut olayın özelliklerine göre, belirlenen kriterler doğrultusunda zarar gören lehine manevi tazminata hükmetmektedir.
The non-pecuniary damages are stated as the decrease in personal assets and immaterial values of a person occurring involuntarily as a result of tort. Life, health and body integrity of a person in personel assets which are the subject of nonpecuniary damages, constitute tangible personal assets. The intangible personal assets consist of assets which are honor and pride, name, picture, voice, private space, freedom, financial and economical wealth of a person. In case of violation of personal rights, the non-pecuniary damages occurring because of violation are need to be compensated from the person who is in charge and damage because of offense to both tangible personal assets and intangible personal assets. The body integrity of a person comprise of physical, mental integrity and health. The compensation of non-pecuniary damages is arranged by judging a sum of money pursuant to Art. 56 of Turkish Code of Obligations on behalf of injured, when the elements occurring body integrity notion are violated due to torts and being incongruous to contract. Besides, it is right for kinsmen to demand non-pecuniary damages if injured is badly wounded or dead. When the judge uses the power of discretion to determine the amount of the non-pecuniary compensation, it is stated that features of concrete cases will be taken into consideration and when the judge renders a verdict by using power of discretion, it is indicated that judgement will be conform with law and equity. Besides, General Assembly of Unification of Conflicting Case Law in Turkish Court of Appeals has set forth concrete criteria as to the determination of nonpecuniary compensation. Thus, the judge renders a verdict according to the features of concrete cases and determined criteria in favor of the damages party in order to compensate non-pecuniary damages in case of the breach of body integrity.

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Hukuk, Kişilik hakkı, Manevi tazminat, Law, Personality right, Manevi zararlar, Moral indemnity, Tazminat, Moral damges, Compensation, Vücut bütünlüğünün ihlali, Violation of bodily integrity

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142