Türkiye'de Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Belirleyicileri (2003 - 2021)
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2024
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Araştırma ve Geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamaları, yenilik, verimlilik ve rekabetin artırılmasında kritik bir itici güç olup, makroekonomik koşullar da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Döviz kuru ve faiz oranı, sermaye maliyetini, finansmanın erişilebilirliğini ve yenilik için teşvikleri etkileyerek Ar-Ge yatırımları üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip temel makroekonomik değişkenlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de Ar-Ge'yi etkileyen makroekonomik faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla 2003- 2021 dönemi çeyrek yıllık verileri kullanılarak regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, bağımlı değişken olarak toplam Ar-Ge harcamaları, bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise nominal döviz kuru (USD/TRY), reel GSYİH, ağırlıklı piyasa faiz oranı, patent faydalı model sayısı ve tam zaman eşdeğer Ar-Ge personeli kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Ar-Ge harcamaları üzerinde en belirleyici etmenlerin reel Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla ve patent/faydalı model sayısı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ekonomik büyüme arttıkça, özel sektörün Ar-Ge yatırımlarını artırmaktadır. Ayrıca Ar-Ge personel sayısındaki artışın Ar-Ge harcamalarını pozitif yönde etkilemesi de saptanan bulgular arasındadır. Çalışmanın devamında yapılan doğrusal olmayan analiz sonuçlarına göre, dolar kurunun düştüğü dönemlerde patent sayısındaki artışlar daha yüksek oranlı Ar-Ge harcamalarına yol açmaktadır. Bulgular ışığında, Türkiye'de ArGe'yi artırmak için döviz kuru istikrarının yanı sıra ekonomik büyüme ve nitelikli insan kaynağına yapılan yatırımın önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ar-Ge politikaları için önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.
Research and Development (R&D) expenditures are a critical driving force in enhancing innovation, productivity, and competitiveness and are influenced by various factors, including macroeconomic conditions. Exchange rates and interest rates are fundamental macroeconomic variables that significantly impact R&D investments by affecting capital costs, the accessibility of financing, and incentives for innovation. In this study, regression analysis was conducted using quarterly data from the period 2003-2021 to determine the macroeconomic factors influencing R&D in Turkey. The study used total R&D expenditures as the dependent variable, and the nominal exchange rate (USD/TRY), real GDP, weighted market interest rate, number of patent utility models, and full-time equivalent R&D personnel as independent variables. The findings revealed that the most decisive factors affecting R&D expenditures are real Gross Domestic Product and the number of patents/utility models. As economic growth increases, the private sector boosts its R&D investments. Additionally, an increase in the number of R&D personnel positively influences R&D expenditures. According to the nonlinear analysis results conducted in the latter part of the study, during periods of falling dollar exchange rates, increases in the number of patents lead to higher rates of R&D expenditures. In light of the findings, the importance of exchange rate stability, economic growth, and investment in qualified human resources for increasing R&D in Turkey is emphasized. This study offers significant implications for R&D policies.
Research and Development (R&D) expenditures are a critical driving force in enhancing innovation, productivity, and competitiveness and are influenced by various factors, including macroeconomic conditions. Exchange rates and interest rates are fundamental macroeconomic variables that significantly impact R&D investments by affecting capital costs, the accessibility of financing, and incentives for innovation. In this study, regression analysis was conducted using quarterly data from the period 2003-2021 to determine the macroeconomic factors influencing R&D in Turkey. The study used total R&D expenditures as the dependent variable, and the nominal exchange rate (USD/TRY), real GDP, weighted market interest rate, number of patent utility models, and full-time equivalent R&D personnel as independent variables. The findings revealed that the most decisive factors affecting R&D expenditures are real Gross Domestic Product and the number of patents/utility models. As economic growth increases, the private sector boosts its R&D investments. Additionally, an increase in the number of R&D personnel positively influences R&D expenditures. According to the nonlinear analysis results conducted in the latter part of the study, during periods of falling dollar exchange rates, increases in the number of patents lead to higher rates of R&D expenditures. In light of the findings, the importance of exchange rate stability, economic growth, and investment in qualified human resources for increasing R&D in Turkey is emphasized. This study offers significant implications for R&D policies.
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Ekonometri, Ekonomi, Araştırma-Geliştirme Harcamaları, Econometrics, Economics, Research-Development Expenditures
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