Bir ırkçılık mücadelesi: Müzik ile başkaldırış
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Çalışma; kimlik inşası bağlamında, siyaset ve müzik arasında oluşan ilişkinin irdelenmesi üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Ağırlık verilen noktalar; ırk ve ırkçılık kavramları, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yaşayan Afro-Amerikalıların kölelik geçmişi, eşitlik istekleri ve siyah derililerin özgürlük mücadelelerinde müziğin etkinliği şeklinde sıralanabilirken; müziğin başkaldırı aracı olarak kullanılması ana konu olarak işlenmiştir. Koyu ten renkleriyle belki de ırk ayrımında 'en belirgin' farka sahip olan siyahilerin, asırlar boyu onlara 'layık' görülen kölelikten, müzik kültüründe zirveye hangi yolları kat ederek ulaştıklarına ilişkin ayrıntıları içeren çalışmamızda, popülist siyahi müzisyenlerin -birçok düşünürün (Karl Marx, Eric Williams) kapitalizmi tanımlarken vurguladığı şekliyle- köle ticaretiyle beslenen kapitalist sisteme zaman içinde dâhil olduklarını ve hatta burjuvanın ta kendisi haline geldiklerini ispat ve kabullendirme hırsıyla sürdürdükleri lüks yaşamlara, gerçek anlamda zafer denilebilir mi ya da siyahi tarihinin sonuç kazanımı zenginlikten mi ibaret olmalı gibi sorulara cevap vermeyi amaçladık. Gerek pasif direniş ile gerekse şiddet yoluyla özgürlüklerini elde etmek isteyen Afro-Amerikalıların serüvenlerinin anlatıldığı bu çalışma, bir ırkçılık mücadelesini konu almıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Başkanlığına uzanan siyah devrimin, müzikte karşılığı yadsınamazken, sosyal politikada yansıma bulup bulmadığı tartışmalıdır. Günümüz müziğinde siyah başkaldırısı, yeni bir kültürü önümüze sermekte olup; sayısız müzik türünün inşasında siyah derililer ile yollarımızı kesiştirmektedir. Modern müziğin temellerinin, siyahiler tarafından atıldığı tartışmasız olup; mezalime karşılık olarak Tanrı'ya yakarışla başlayan ezgili sanatın, bugün ekonomik güç listesinde üst sıralarda yerini aldığı hakikatiyle, siyahilerin müzikte bir ayrımcılığa uğramadığı ve hatta tüm dünyaca kabul gördüğü bir gerçeklik yaşıyoruz.
The present study is based on the examination of the relationship between politics and music in the context of identity construction. The primary points addressed by the study include race and racism, slavery history of African-Americans living in the United States and their equality demands, and the effectiveness of music in the freedom struggle of black people. Additionally, the main theme addressed was the use of music as a means of rebellion. The study aimed to shed light on how black people, who probably have the most distinctive characteristic (i.e. dark skin color) shown as a pretext for racial discrimination, reached the summit of music culture from the slavery they were deemed 'worthy of' for centuries. To this end, the study aimed to examine how the populist black musicians were incorporated into the capitalist system fed by the slave trade, as emphasized by many thinkers (e.g. Karl Marx, Eric Williams) when defining capitalism, and whether the luxurious lives they led on the grounds of the ambition of proving and accepting that they eventually even became genuine bourgeoisie can be called a real victory or the resultant gain of black history consisting of wealth. Additionally, the study explored the adventures of African-Americans who aspired to gain their freedom either through passive resistance or violence and thus is centered upon a struggle against racism. Although the reflection of the black revolution, which also led to the election of the first black President of the United States, in music is undeniable, its reflection in social policy remains debatable. The black revolt in today's music lays bare a new culture, crossing our paths with black people in the construction of countless music genres. It is also indisputable that the foundations of the modern music were laid by black people and that we live in a reality where black people are not discriminated against in music and even well-accepted by the whole world, mainly due to the fact that melodic art, which simply started with a prayer to God in response to atrocities, stands at the top of the list of economic powers today.
The present study is based on the examination of the relationship between politics and music in the context of identity construction. The primary points addressed by the study include race and racism, slavery history of African-Americans living in the United States and their equality demands, and the effectiveness of music in the freedom struggle of black people. Additionally, the main theme addressed was the use of music as a means of rebellion. The study aimed to shed light on how black people, who probably have the most distinctive characteristic (i.e. dark skin color) shown as a pretext for racial discrimination, reached the summit of music culture from the slavery they were deemed 'worthy of' for centuries. To this end, the study aimed to examine how the populist black musicians were incorporated into the capitalist system fed by the slave trade, as emphasized by many thinkers (e.g. Karl Marx, Eric Williams) when defining capitalism, and whether the luxurious lives they led on the grounds of the ambition of proving and accepting that they eventually even became genuine bourgeoisie can be called a real victory or the resultant gain of black history consisting of wealth. Additionally, the study explored the adventures of African-Americans who aspired to gain their freedom either through passive resistance or violence and thus is centered upon a struggle against racism. Although the reflection of the black revolution, which also led to the election of the first black President of the United States, in music is undeniable, its reflection in social policy remains debatable. The black revolt in today's music lays bare a new culture, crossing our paths with black people in the construction of countless music genres. It is also indisputable that the foundations of the modern music were laid by black people and that we live in a reality where black people are not discriminated against in music and even well-accepted by the whole world, mainly due to the fact that melodic art, which simply started with a prayer to God in response to atrocities, stands at the top of the list of economic powers today.
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Müzik, Siyasal Bilimler, Blues, Caz, Hip-hop, Music, Irkçılık, Political Science, Blues, Kimlik inşası, Jazz, Müzik, Hip-hop, Racism, Protest müzik, Identity formation, Music, Siyahilik, Protest music, Siyaset, Blackness, Politics, İsyanlar, Rebellions
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216