Somali' de İnsan Güvenliğinin Boyutları:1991-2000
Loading...
Date
2016
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
Somali bağımsızlığını 1960 yılında sömürgeci devletler olan İtalya ve İngiltere'den kazanmıştır. Bağımsızlıktan sonra Somali'nin 9 yıllık demokrasi deneyimi olmuştur. 1969 yılında Tümgeneral Mohamed Siad Barre tarafından askeri darbe gerçekleştirildi. Kendisi sivil hükümeti yolsuzluk, yandaş kayırmacılık ve taraflı olmakla ve de Hükümet ve kurumları halkın beklentilerini karşılamakta ve toplumda hızla yayılan fakirleşmeyi kontrol etmekte başarısız olmakla suçladı. Tüm siyasi partilerin faaliyetlerini askıya aldıktan, anayasayı ortadan kaldırdıktan ve ulusal parlamentoyu feshettikten sonra askeri rejim durumu daha da kötüleştirdi ve önceki hükümetin Başbakanını tutukladı. Rejim kendisini bilimsel sosyalizm sistemi olarak ilan etti. Askeri hükümet ülkede klan sisteminin kaldırıldığını ilan etti, ancak tam tersi yönde uygulamalar yaptı. 1970'li yıllarda rejim işkence yapan, muhalefeti susturmak için tutuklayan ve insan haklarını kesintiye uğratan uygulamaları kullanan bir istihbarat örgütü kurdu. 1977 yılında rejim Ogaden bölgesi için Etiyopya ile savaşa girdi ve bu Somali sınırında yüzbinlerce Somalili sığınmacı ile neticelendi. 1978 yılında hükümet başarısız darbe girişiminde bulunan on yedi subayı idam etti, kaçmayı başaran bazı subaylar daha sonra hükümetin askeri gücüne karşı askeri hareket başlattı. 1978 ile 1988 yılları arasında askeri hükümet bazı muhalif liderlerin bu bölgelerden gelmesi nedeniyle ülkenin kuzeydoğu ve kuzeybatı bölgelerine saldırdı, binlerce kişiyi öldürdü ve binlerce masum insanı yerinden etti. 1991 yılında muhalifler askeri rejimden iktidarı almayı başardılar. Farklı kabilelerden diktatörler arasındaki güç mücadelesine binlerce sivil Somalili yaralandı ve öldürüldü. 1992 yılında ülkenin birçok bölgesinde kuraklık ve kıtlık başladı. İç savaşın ayak izleri hala mevcuttur ve kolayca görünmektedir, binlerce masum insan öldürüldü ve diğerleri de yerinden edildi. Somali'nin bağımsızlığını kazandığı günden bu yana insan güvenliğinin ihlali söz konusudur ve 1991'de Somali'de insan güvenliği önceki hükümet dönemlerine göre daha da kötüleşmiştir. Pek çok masum insan hayatını kaybetti ve yerinden oldu, halen insan güvenliği açısından korkudan ve yokluktan kurtulmak gibi temel konulardan yoksunlar. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Somali'de İnsan Güvenliği, İnsan Güvenliği, Somali İç savaşı, Somali'de Kıtlık Nedenleri, Somali Devletinin Çöküşü
In 1960, Somalia got its independence from the colonial countries of Italy and British. After the independence Somalia was experienced nine years of democracy. In 1969, military coup led Major General Mohamed Siad Barre was happened in the country, and he accused the civil government for corruption, nepotism, bias and the government and its institutions failed to meet the expectations of the people and also government failed to control the increasing poverty in the society. The regime was made the situation worse after they suspended all political parties, outlawed the constitution and dissolved the national parliamentary, and arrested the Prime Minister of the previous government and the regime also announced scientific socialism system. The military government declared the elimination of clan system in the country but they did the opposite. In 1970's, the regime introduced an intelligence agency which used torture and detention to suppress opposition and curtail civil rights. In 1977, the regime entered war against Ethiopia for Ogaden region but the consequences hundreds of thousands of Somali refugee over the border into Somalia. In 1978 government executed seventeen military officers who organized the failed coup, some officers manage to escape and later create military movements against military of the government. In between 1978-1988, the military government attacked northeast and northwest regions of the country and killed thousands and displaced other thousands of innocent citizens because of some of opposition leaders were from those areas. In 1991, oppositions manage to oust the power from the military regime. Power struggle between the warlords of the different clans killed and wounded thousands of Somali civilians. During 1992, drought and famine began in the most regions of the country. A footprint of the civil war still remains and can easy see in the country, thousands of innocent people died and other displaced. As we can see since the day Somalia got its independence there was violation in human security, and in 1991, the situation of the human security in Somalia became worse than the previous governments. So many innocent people died and misplaced and still they don't have all basic thing of human security such as freedom from fear and freedom from want. KEYWORDS: Human Security in Somalia, Human Security, Somali Civil War, The causes of Famine in Somalia, Somali State collapsing.
In 1960, Somalia got its independence from the colonial countries of Italy and British. After the independence Somalia was experienced nine years of democracy. In 1969, military coup led Major General Mohamed Siad Barre was happened in the country, and he accused the civil government for corruption, nepotism, bias and the government and its institutions failed to meet the expectations of the people and also government failed to control the increasing poverty in the society. The regime was made the situation worse after they suspended all political parties, outlawed the constitution and dissolved the national parliamentary, and arrested the Prime Minister of the previous government and the regime also announced scientific socialism system. The military government declared the elimination of clan system in the country but they did the opposite. In 1970's, the regime introduced an intelligence agency which used torture and detention to suppress opposition and curtail civil rights. In 1977, the regime entered war against Ethiopia for Ogaden region but the consequences hundreds of thousands of Somali refugee over the border into Somalia. In 1978 government executed seventeen military officers who organized the failed coup, some officers manage to escape and later create military movements against military of the government. In between 1978-1988, the military government attacked northeast and northwest regions of the country and killed thousands and displaced other thousands of innocent citizens because of some of opposition leaders were from those areas. In 1991, oppositions manage to oust the power from the military regime. Power struggle between the warlords of the different clans killed and wounded thousands of Somali civilians. During 1992, drought and famine began in the most regions of the country. A footprint of the civil war still remains and can easy see in the country, thousands of innocent people died and other displaced. As we can see since the day Somalia got its independence there was violation in human security, and in 1991, the situation of the human security in Somalia became worse than the previous governments. So many innocent people died and misplaced and still they don't have all basic thing of human security such as freedom from fear and freedom from want. KEYWORDS: Human Security in Somalia, Human Security, Somali Civil War, The causes of Famine in Somalia, Somali State collapsing.
Description
Keywords
Uluslararası İlişkiler, Güvenlik, International Relations, Kişi güvenliği, Security, Somali, Person security, Somalia, İç savaş, Civil war
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
0
End Page
123
Collections
Sustainable Development Goals
1
NO POVERTY

3
GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

4
QUALITY EDUCATION

5
GENDER EQUALITY

8
DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

9
INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

10
REDUCED INEQUALITIES

12
RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

14
LIFE BELOW WATER

16
PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
