Soğuk Savaş Sonrası NATO'nun dönüşümü
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2010
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Sovyetler Birliği'nin yayılmasını durdurmak ve Avrupa-Atlantik bölgesinin güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla kurulan NATO, Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesiyle, varlığının sorgulanmaya başlandığı yeni bir döneme girmiştir. Bu çalışmada NATO'nun Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde içine girdiği dönüşüm süreci incelenmiş, bu süreçte yaşanan sorunlar ve ne derece başarılı olduğu irdelenerek, NATO'nun günümüzde de en etkili savunma örgütü olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.Bu bağlamda çalışmada, öncelikle NATO tarihsel ve kavramsal olarak incelenmiş, dönüşüm ihtiyacının ortaya çıkmasına neden olan Soğuk Savaş sonrası değişen güvenlik tehditleri ortaya konarak; bu tehditlerin NATO'ya yansımaları kapsamında NATO'nun yeni stratejileri ve diğer uluslararası örgütlerle olan ilişkilerine etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak çalışmada, küreselleşmenin etkisiyle ilgi alanını klasik bölgesinin oldukça dışına kadar genişleten NATO'nun, dönüşüm sürecinin en önemli ve tartışmalı kısmını oluşturan alan dışı faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada, Soğuk Savaş sonrası NATO'nun politik rolünün ön plana çıkması nedeniyle dönüşüm süreci, birbirine paralel ilerleyen politik ve askeri boyutlarıyla ayrı ayrı ele alınmış ve çalışmada yapılan incelemeler neticesinde ulaşılan sonuçlar hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.Günümüzde gelinen noktada NATO, dar politik kapsamlı bir askeri örgütten, politik yönü daha ön planda olan politik-askeri bir örgüte dönüşmüştür. Stratejilerini günümüz tehditleri doğrultusunda yeniden oluşturan NATO, dönüşüm kapsamında yeni üyelerle genişlemiş, diğer uluslararası örgütlerle ve Avrupa-Atlantik bölgesi dışındaki ülkelerle yakın politik ilişkiler içine girmiştir. Bunun yanında NATO, bölgesel bir savunma örgütünden, Doğu Avrupa'dan Orta Asya'ya kadar geniş bir coğrafya'da, barışı koruma harekâtlarından terörizmle mücadeleye kadar çok geniş bir yelpazede görevler icra eden bir uluslararası örgüte dönüşmüştür.Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde, Soğuk Savaş sonrası varlığının tartışılmasına ve dönüşüm sürecinde yaşadığı sorunlara rağmen küresel bir aktör olma yolunda ilerleyen NATO'nun, kısa ve orta vadede, Soğuk Savaş sonrası ortaya çıkan yeni tehditlerle mücadele edebilecek, bünyesinde sert ve yumuşak güç unsurlarını barındıran, en etkili politik-askeri uluslararası örgüt olarak varlığına devam edeceği değerlendirilmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: NATO, Dönüşüm, Genişleme, Afganistan.
By the end of the Cold War in NATO, which was established in order to prevent the expansion of the Soviet Union and ensure security of Europe-Atlantic Region, a new period started in which the presence of NATO was questioned. İn this study, transformation period of NATO after The Cold War is examined, problems and how successful that was during this period was studied. It was also tried to prove that NATO is the most effective defence organization today.In this context, NATO was first examined as historical and conceptual, then changing security threats of post Cold War period which were causing the need of transformation was revealed and the effects to NATO?s new strategies and the relationship with other international organizations with reflections of these threats to NATO were discussed. In addition, the most important and controversial part of transformation, out of area activities and the expansion of NATO which expanded its classical interest area to out of area with the effects of globalization was also examined. Due to the fore of the political role of NATO after the Cold War, parallel progress in the political and military aspect during transformation period has also being discussed separately in the study. As a result of the study, assessments were made about the results achieved.In present situation, NATO transformed into political-military organization in which political side stand in the forefront from narrow political scope military organization. In the framework of transformation process, NATO reorganized its strategies in line with new threats. Within the context of transformation, NATO is developed with the participation of new members and it formed close political relationships with other international organizations and countries apart from Europe-Atlantic Region. In addition to this, by taking a global role NATO carries out a wide range of missions including peace operations and anti-terrorism in a broad geographical area from East Europe to Central Asia.As a result of studies, despite the discussion of the existence and the problems in the transformation process after the Cold War, NATO becoming a global actor has been evaluated, in short and medium term, maintains its existence as the most powerful political-military organization that can encounter with threats arised in the post-cold war period and comprise hard and soft power components.Key Words: NATO, Transformation, Expansion, Afghanistan.
By the end of the Cold War in NATO, which was established in order to prevent the expansion of the Soviet Union and ensure security of Europe-Atlantic Region, a new period started in which the presence of NATO was questioned. İn this study, transformation period of NATO after The Cold War is examined, problems and how successful that was during this period was studied. It was also tried to prove that NATO is the most effective defence organization today.In this context, NATO was first examined as historical and conceptual, then changing security threats of post Cold War period which were causing the need of transformation was revealed and the effects to NATO?s new strategies and the relationship with other international organizations with reflections of these threats to NATO were discussed. In addition, the most important and controversial part of transformation, out of area activities and the expansion of NATO which expanded its classical interest area to out of area with the effects of globalization was also examined. Due to the fore of the political role of NATO after the Cold War, parallel progress in the political and military aspect during transformation period has also being discussed separately in the study. As a result of the study, assessments were made about the results achieved.In present situation, NATO transformed into political-military organization in which political side stand in the forefront from narrow political scope military organization. In the framework of transformation process, NATO reorganized its strategies in line with new threats. Within the context of transformation, NATO is developed with the participation of new members and it formed close political relationships with other international organizations and countries apart from Europe-Atlantic Region. In addition to this, by taking a global role NATO carries out a wide range of missions including peace operations and anti-terrorism in a broad geographical area from East Europe to Central Asia.As a result of studies, despite the discussion of the existence and the problems in the transformation process after the Cold War, NATO becoming a global actor has been evaluated, in short and medium term, maintains its existence as the most powerful political-military organization that can encounter with threats arised in the post-cold war period and comprise hard and soft power components.Key Words: NATO, Transformation, Expansion, Afghanistan.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Dönüşüm, Genişleme, Güvenlik, International Relations, Transformation, Güvenlik politikaları, Enlargement, Security, NATO, Security policies, Soğuk Savaş sonrası, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, After the Cold War, Soğuk savaş, Cold war
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