Modern Menippos hicvi örnekleri olarak Peter Barnes'ın oyunları: The Ruling class, Leonardo's Last Supper, Noonday demons, and Dreaming

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2018

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Department of English Language and Literature
(1997)
Founded in 1997, the Department of English Language and Literature is one of the first Departments of Atılım University. Through the graduate and doctorate degree programs in addition to the undergraduate program, the Department raises students and academicians. At the Department of English Language and Literature, we aim to graduate students who have studied and learned the English language and literature at an advanced level and developed the skill to produce ideas; as well as the ability to do analyses and academic research on literature. In addition to granting our students with the opportunity to develop their backgrounds in general culture, the education that we offer contributes to their interest and knowledge in contemporary and current issues. Accredited for 5 years from February 24th 2019 by FEDEK, our undergraduate program grants our students the opportunity to join Double-Major or Minor programs in Translation and Interpretation, and International Relations. Another option for the students of our Department is the Erasmus Exchange Program.

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Bu tezin amacı Peter Barnes'ın The Ruling Class (1968), Leonardo's Last Supper (1969), Noonday Demons (1969), and Dreaming (1969) adlı oyunlarını modern Menippos hicvi örnekleri olarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla, bir edebi tür olarak hiciv, etimolojisi, kökeni, tanımları, özellikleri ve türleri ile çalışılacaktır. Belli bir bozukluğa yapılan rhetorik saldırı olarak tanımlanan ve tartışmanın ortasında bozukluğa karşı bir erdemin övülmesini içeren formel nazım şeklinde yazılan hicvin aksine, Menippos hicvinin tanımı değişken yapısından dolayı zordur. Bu yüzden Menippos hicvini tanımlarken ne olduğundan çok ne yaptığını sormak daha yararlı olacaktır. En basit tanımıyla, Menippos hicvi düz yazı ve nazmın karışımıdır. Ayrıca, bu tür hiciv karnivalesk bir atmosfer yaratarak normlarla, kültürel, dini ya da felsefik doktrinlerle ilgili kesin yargıları reddeder. Bu kesin yargıları reddederken Menippos hicvi parodi, ironi, metinlararasılık, normalde bir arada olamayacak şeylerin yan yana getirilmesi, fantastic öğeler ve, delilik ve düş kurma gibi her türlü psikolojik anormallikleri içeren teknikler kullanır ve tüm bu teknikler aynı zamanda oyunların karnivalesk niteliklerini artırır. Menippos hicvi oyunların sonunda herhangi bir çözüm önermez çünkü herhangi bir ideolojiyi diğerine üstün göstermek yerine tüm ideolojilerin yanlış ve uygulamalarının bozuk olduğunu gösterir. Menippos hicvinin tüm özellikleri Barnes'ın seçilen oyunlarında bulunmaktadır. Bu da bu oyunların Menippos hicvinin örnekleri olarak sınıflandırılabileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, Barnes kariyeri boyunca her zaman benzer temalarda Menippos hicvi formunda yazmış olduğu için Barnes'ın oyunlarınin, Menippos hicvi olarak kabul edilebileceği söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Menippos hicvi, hiciv, nazım hiciv, Peter Barnes, karnevalesk, The Ruling Class, Leonardo's Last Supper, Noonday Demons, Dreaming.
The aim of this dissertation is to study Peter Barnes' plays, The Ruling Class (1968), Leonardo's Last Supper (1969), Noonday Demons (1969), and Dreaming (1969), as examples of modern Menippean satire. To this end, satire as a genre is studied with its etymology, origins, definitions, characteristics, and its types. In contrast to formal verse satire, that is defined as a rhetorical attack upon a particular vice and includes praise for its opposite virtue in the midst of an argument, Menippean satire is difficult to define because of its protean structure. Therefore, whilst defining Menippean satire it is helpful to ask what Menippean satire 'does' instead of what Menippean satire 'is'. Menippean satire is a mingling of prose and poetry in its simplest sense. In addition, it always desires to reject any sort of absolutes regarding norms, cultural, religious or philosophical dogmas by creating a carnivalesque atmosphere. In order to oppose absolutes, Menippean satire makes use of parody, irony, intertextuality, juxtapositions of normally incompatible things, fantasticality, quest theme, any sort of psychological abnormalities such as madness and daydreaming, all of which enhance the carnivalesque quality of the plays. Menippean satire does not offer a resolution at the end of the plays because the genre does not favor any ideology over another but shows all of them as faulty and corrupted. All the features of Menippean satire are found in Barnes' selected four plays. The dissertation will conclude that because Barnes has written about similar themes in Menippean satire form throughout his career his plays may be considered as examples of modern Menippean satire. Keywords: Menippean satire, satire, formal verse satire, Peter Barnes, carnivalesque, The Ruling Class, Leonardo's Last Supper, Noonday Demons, Dreaming.

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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Barnes, Peter, Hiciv, English Linguistics and Literature, Barnes, Peter, Karnavalesk, Satire, Carnivalesque, Tiyatro oyunları, Theater plays

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205