Tarihi konutlarda mekânsal ve işlevsel değişim: Kars Rus konutları
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Date
2022
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Abstract
Kars, tarih boyunca stratejik konumu nedeniyle önemli bir kent olmuş, birçok medeniyetin hâkimiyeti altında kalmıştır. 1878-1918 yılları arasındaki Ruslar döneminde kent, Kale ve çevresi dışında, Tahtdüzü'nde kurulmuş, ızgara plan sistemi uygulanmıştır. Gösterişli ve caddelere/sokaklara cepheli askeri, dini, kamusal, ticari yapılar ve konutlar, kentin yeni yüzünü oluşturmuştur. Kars'taki Rus yapılarının mimarisi genellikle Baltık Mimarisi olarak adlandırılmakta/tanımlanmaktadır. Ne var ki, Kars'taki Rus yapıları, dönemin Rusya'sında da yaygın olan, Rusya'ya özgü eklektik üslupta yapılmıştır. Kars kent belleğinde oldukça önemli bir yer tutan Rus konutlarının bir kısmı kullanılmaz olmuş, büyük kısmında mekânsal değişiklikler yapılmış, çoğu konutun işlevi değiştirtilmiştir. Bu tezin amacı, kent merkezinde yer alan Rus dönemi konutlarının günümüzdeki mekânsal ve işlevsel değişikliklerinin incelenmesidir. Amaç doğrultusunda tezin hedefi, Kars kent merkezindeki Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Paşa (GAMP) (Mikhaylovskaya Ulitsa) Caddesi'ndeki Rus konutlarının araştırılmasıdır. Tezin amacına ve hedefine koşut olarak, öncelikle Kars kent merkezindeki Rus konutları saptanmış, ardından GAMP Caddesi'ndeki mekânsal ve işlevsel değişikliğe uğrayan konutlar detaylı olarak irdelenmiştir. Tezin sonucunda, mekânsal ve işlevsel değişimlerin, Rus konutlarının özgünlüğünü bozduğu, bazı konutların özgünlüğünü tamamen kaybettiği saptanmıştır. Önemli bellek ve kimlik mekânlarından olan Rus konutları korunamamış; kentin özgün kimliğinin ve tarihi dokusunun bir parçası kaybolmaya yüz tutmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kars kenti, Rus konutları, tarihi binalarda işlev değişikliği
Kars has been an important city throughout history due to its strategic location and has been under the dominance of many civilizations. During the Russian period between 1878-1918, the city was established in Tahtdüzü, except for the Kars Castle and its surroundings, and the grid plan system was applied. Military, religious, public, commercial buildings and houses, which are flashy and facing the streets/streets, have created the new face of the city. The architecture of Russian buildings in Kars is often called/described as Baltic Architecture. However, the Russian buildings in Kars were built in the eclectic style peculiar to Russia, which was also common in Russia of the time. Some of the Russian houses, which have a very important place in the city memory of Kars, have become unusable, spatial changes have been made in most of them, and the functions of most of the houses have been changed. The aim of this thesis is to examine the spatial and functional changes of the Russian period houses located in the city center today. In line with the purpose, the aim of the thesis is to investigate the Russian houses in Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Paşa (GAMP) (Mikhaylovskaya Ulitsa) Street in the city center of Kars. Parallel to the aim and aim of the thesis, firstly the Russian houses in the city center of Kars were determined, and then the residences on GAMP Street, which underwent spatial and functional changes, were examined in detail. As a result of the thesis, it has been determined that spatial and functional changes have spoiled the authenticity of Russian houses, and some houses have completely lost their originality. Russian houses, which are important places of memory and identity, could not be preserved; part of the original identity and historical texture of the city is on the verge of disappearing. Keywords: Kars city, Russian residences, function change in historical buildings
Kars has been an important city throughout history due to its strategic location and has been under the dominance of many civilizations. During the Russian period between 1878-1918, the city was established in Tahtdüzü, except for the Kars Castle and its surroundings, and the grid plan system was applied. Military, religious, public, commercial buildings and houses, which are flashy and facing the streets/streets, have created the new face of the city. The architecture of Russian buildings in Kars is often called/described as Baltic Architecture. However, the Russian buildings in Kars were built in the eclectic style peculiar to Russia, which was also common in Russia of the time. Some of the Russian houses, which have a very important place in the city memory of Kars, have become unusable, spatial changes have been made in most of them, and the functions of most of the houses have been changed. The aim of this thesis is to examine the spatial and functional changes of the Russian period houses located in the city center today. In line with the purpose, the aim of the thesis is to investigate the Russian houses in Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Paşa (GAMP) (Mikhaylovskaya Ulitsa) Street in the city center of Kars. Parallel to the aim and aim of the thesis, firstly the Russian houses in the city center of Kars were determined, and then the residences on GAMP Street, which underwent spatial and functional changes, were examined in detail. As a result of the thesis, it has been determined that spatial and functional changes have spoiled the authenticity of Russian houses, and some houses have completely lost their originality. Russian houses, which are important places of memory and identity, could not be preserved; part of the original identity and historical texture of the city is on the verge of disappearing. Keywords: Kars city, Russian residences, function change in historical buildings
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Mimarlık, Kars, Konut, Architecture, Kars, Mimarlık tarihi, Dwelling house, Ruslar, Architectural history, Russians, Tarihi binalar, Historical buildings
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