Türkiye'nin Kuzey Irak Politikası: 2003-2013
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Date
2013
Authors
Ünal, Hasan
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Abstract
11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra ABD'nin Ortadoğu işgallerinde Afganistan'dan sonra yeni ülke olarak Irak'ı seçmesi ile başlayan süreç, Irak'ın işgali ile Ortadoğu'da pek çok değişikliği, güç dengelerinde oynamaları meydana getirecekti. İşgalden etkilenen ülkelerin başında gelen Türkiye, dış politikasında değişimler yaşamak zorunda kalacaktır. Türkiye, Irak'ta yaşanan değişim karşısında belirlediği politikaları zaman içinde çıkarları doğrultusunda değiştirecek ve birçok konuda Kuzey Irak ile yakın ilişkiler yaşayacaktır. Türkiye'nin 2003-2013 yılları arasındaki Kuzey Irak Politikası iki farklı dış politika anlayışının olduğu iki ayrı dönem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktaydı. 2003 yılı ve 2007 yılları arasında ki Türkiye'nin Kuzey Irak politikası, 2008 yılı ve 2013 yılları arasında ki politikadan farklı olacaktı. 2003 yılı ile 2007 yılları arasında Türkiye bu dönemde ABD'nin de etkisiyle bölgede dış politika açısından etkili olamamış, Irak'ın toprak bütünlüğünden yana tavır sergilemiş, PKK konusunda rahatsızlıklarını dillendirmiş ancak ABD güçlerinin bölgede bulunmasından dolayı askeri operasyon bile gerçekleştirememişti. Başta Kerkük sorunu olmak üzere Kuzey Irak'ın Irak petrollerinden pay almasını ve Kürtlerin Irak'ta kazanımlarından dolayı Kuzey Irak ile diplomatik ilişkilerden kaçınmıştı. 2008 yılı ile 2013 yılları arasında ise, 2008 yılında ABD'nin Irak'tan çekilmesi ile birlikte Türk dış politikası bölge üzerinde 2003-2008 dönemi arasında gösteremediği etkiyi, ilişkileri bu dönemden sonra daha rahat ve sağlam adımlar şeklinde göstermeye başlamıştı. Ancak bu durum ile birlikte 2008 yılı öncesi Irak merkezi hükümetiyle olan sağlam ilişkiler bu dönemden sonra tersine dönmüş, Kuzey Irak ile ilişkiler düzelme gösterirken, Irak merkezi hükümeti ile diplomatik ilişkiler bozulma göstermişti. Öte yandan düzelen ilişkilere rağmen Türkiye, Irak'ın toprak bütünlüğünden yana olduğunu ve PKK konusunda söylemlerini aynen korumuştu. 2008-2013 dönemleri arasında Türkiye, Kuzey Irak ile petrol anlaşmasına gidecek kadar diplomatik ilişkiler kurmuş, PKK konusunda Kuzey Irak ile bazı ortak çalışmalar yapmış, her iki tarafdan üst düzey yetkilileri arasında ziyaretler gerçekleşmiş ve kullanılan dil ve uslup diplomatik düzeye gelmişti. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ortadoğu, Irak İşgali, Türkiye, Kuzey Irak, Dış Politika
After the September 11 attack, the U.S. occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq started a new process that has caused many changes in the Middle East and constituted the balance of power in the play. Turkey was one of the most affected countries from the invasion of Iraq and forced to change its foreign policy. Turkey has changed its objectives in the face of changes in Iraq in time in accordance with its interests and had close relations with northern Iraq in many issues. Turkey's Policy towards Northern Iraq between 2003-2013 had two different understanding of foreign policy which appeared to be two separate periods. Turkey's northern Iraq policy between 2003 and 2007 would be different from 2008 and 2013 period. Turkey during the period of 2003 and 2007 had not had an effective foreign policy in the region because of the United States and showed an approach to Iraq's territorial integrity. Turkey expressed its discomfort with regard to PKK however could not conduct military operations due to the presence of the U.S. forces in the region. Turkey had avoided having diplomatic relations with northern Iraq because of the issue of Kirkuk and the Kurds gaining more rights and share from Iraq's oil. Between 2008 and 2013, after the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq in 2008, Turkey's foreign policy on the region has changed, after this period Turkey acted more comfortable and took firm steps unlike the period of 2003-2008. However, strong relationships with the Iraqi central government before 2008 reversed after this period and Turkey's relations with northern Iraq has improved since relations with Iraq's central government had deteriorated. Turkey, despite improved relations had kept the same rhetoric about the PKK and Iraq's territorial integrity. The period between 2008-2013, Turkey had established such diplomatic relations that caused to have oil deal with northern Iraq, done some joint work with regard to PKK and senior officials from both sides made official visits, the use of language and mode reached a diplomatic level as well. Keywords; The Middle East, Invasion of Iraq, Turkey, Northern Iraq, Foreign Policy
After the September 11 attack, the U.S. occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq started a new process that has caused many changes in the Middle East and constituted the balance of power in the play. Turkey was one of the most affected countries from the invasion of Iraq and forced to change its foreign policy. Turkey has changed its objectives in the face of changes in Iraq in time in accordance with its interests and had close relations with northern Iraq in many issues. Turkey's Policy towards Northern Iraq between 2003-2013 had two different understanding of foreign policy which appeared to be two separate periods. Turkey's northern Iraq policy between 2003 and 2007 would be different from 2008 and 2013 period. Turkey during the period of 2003 and 2007 had not had an effective foreign policy in the region because of the United States and showed an approach to Iraq's territorial integrity. Turkey expressed its discomfort with regard to PKK however could not conduct military operations due to the presence of the U.S. forces in the region. Turkey had avoided having diplomatic relations with northern Iraq because of the issue of Kirkuk and the Kurds gaining more rights and share from Iraq's oil. Between 2008 and 2013, after the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq in 2008, Turkey's foreign policy on the region has changed, after this period Turkey acted more comfortable and took firm steps unlike the period of 2003-2008. However, strong relationships with the Iraqi central government before 2008 reversed after this period and Turkey's relations with northern Iraq has improved since relations with Iraq's central government had deteriorated. Turkey, despite improved relations had kept the same rhetoric about the PKK and Iraq's territorial integrity. The period between 2008-2013, Turkey had established such diplomatic relations that caused to have oil deal with northern Iraq, done some joint work with regard to PKK and senior officials from both sides made official visits, the use of language and mode reached a diplomatic level as well. Keywords; The Middle East, Invasion of Iraq, Turkey, Northern Iraq, Foreign Policy
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
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