Browsing by Author "Yilmaz, Gozde"

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(Routledge, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 19
Authoritarian Diffusion or Cooperation? Turkey's Emerging Engagement With China
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yilmaz, Gozde; Elikucuk Yildirim, Nilgun; International Relations; Energy Systems Engineering
With the recent trend of autocratization in the world, scholars have begun to focus on authoritarian diffusion, cooperation, and autocracy promotion. Despite still being at an early stage theoretically and empirically, this expansion of diffusion literature has informed us about the possibilities of authoritarian diffusion and cooperation. In contrast to the recent focus on regional patterns of authoritarian diffusion and cooperation, this article explores a global process of authoritarian cooperation between Turkey and China. Focusing on the growing economic and political linkages between Turkey and China, we argue that, rather than authoritarian diffusion or autocracy promotion from China to Turkey, the increasing pragmatic cooperation among authoritarian states is the new game in town, shaped by interest-driven calculations to bolster power internally and internationally.
Changing Minority Rights of Turkey in 1999-2014
(Routledge, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]
Contesting the EU? China's Engagement With Türkiye and the Western Balkans
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The EU has been challenged as a norm exporter both internally and externally in recent years. However, studies focused on the external dimensions of this contestation, such as the rise of China, have remained limited in the literature to date. This article accordingly explores the external dimensions of EU contestation by examining the case of Chinese engagement with T & uuml;rkiye and the Western Balkan countries in the 2010s and 2020s. It is argued that despite the EU's long engagement as a norm exporter in the aforementioned countries, its hesitant approach to enlargement opened the gates to China as an alternative gravity centre for these countries. China filled the space left empty by the EU and increased its cooperation with T & uuml;rkiye and the Western Balkan countries. As a result, Chinese influence has become a reality, contesting the EU as a norm exporter in its own neighbourhood.
Democratic Accountability, Political Order and Change: Exploring Accountability Processes in an Era of European Transformation
(Wiley, 2018) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]
Diffusion of Digital Authoritarianism? Censorship, Surveillance and Beyond in Türkiye
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Aslan, Mesut; Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The expansion of authoritarianism in the world has led to increased debates about digital authoritarianism as well as the diffusion of authoritarianism. However, these two topics have not been addressed together despite the digital world being a strong candidate for diffusion. This study explores whether digital authoritarian diffusion occurs from China and/or Russia to T & uuml;rkiye by examining the models of China and Russia and unpacking the Turkish model of digital authoritarianism. We argue that the Turkish model is inspired by the Chinese and Russian models, but without the active promotion of those models by authoritarian centres. Instead, analyses of the legal framework, technology and surveillance practices suggest that there is an indirect and passive as well as internally driven process at work.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
Emulating Erasmus? Turkey's Mevlana Exchange Program in Higher Education
(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
In today's world, globalization and internationalization of education necessitate new initiatives to catch the new era. Turkey, as a country in between the east and the west, attempts to do so through its recent exchange program in higher education. Interestingly, Turkey's Mevlana exchange program as an ambitious project in higher education denotes an instance of policy transfer: taking the EU model (i.e., Erasmus) and slightly adjusting it to the national circumstances. This article unpacks Turkey's Mevlana program to demonstrate the process of policy transfer by focusing on different questions posed within the policy transfer literature. It argues that Mevlana is drawn from Erasmus, and it is created as a tool of soft power that is increasingly exercised by Turkey due to its changing focus within the Turkish foreign policy of 2000s.
The End of a Fairy Tale, The Start of a New Era? The Eu and China in The Western Balkans
(Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2024) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The Western Balkans have been transformed into authoritarian regimes in the last decade, despite the EUs' engagement with the region through its enlargement policy. However, prioritizing stability over democracy, the EU lost its chance to transform the Western Balkan countries into democratic entities. In the end, the EU opened a way in for the external actors to the Western Balkan countries and China has entered the scene by increasing engagement with the region. The leaders of the authoritarian regimes in the Western Balkans adopted a pragmatic approach in their relations with China. They used the Chinese card to proceed with their relations with the EU and to gather financial means to legitimize and consolidate their regimes.
Citation - WoS: 33
Citation - Scopus: 36
Eu Conditionality Is Not the Only Game in Town! Domestic Drivers of Turkey's Europeanization
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
Despite the weakened push by the European Union (EU) conditionality across time, Turkey's Europeanization process continues in a number of areas selectively. Focusing on such a puzzling trend, this article critically examines the role of EU conditionality on Turkey's Europeanization and unpacks domestic drivers of change. The article explores the impact of grassroots actors -Turkish civil society organizations, business interest groups, media and political parties- on domestic change in the last decade and argues that continuing reforms in many areas in an era of limited EU-push are influenced by domestic actors.
Citation - WoS: 42
Citation - Scopus: 54
Europeanisation or De-Europeanisation? Media Freedom in Turkey (1999-2015)
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The European Union (EU) has successfully been exercising its transformative power through both its enlargement and its neighbourhood policies for decades. Nonetheless, transformation towards a more European model of governance through Europeanisation is not a linear process, but a differentiated one. Adverse consequences for Europeanisation (i.e. de-Europeanisation) have often been neglected. The case of media freedom in Turkey, with a deteriorating trend across time, exemplifies such an outcome. This article explores media freedom in Turkey in the last decade. It argues that media reforms have been reversed over time in a de-Europeanising trend, with the EU losing its position as a reference point for reforms.
Citation - WoS: 2
Europeanization of Turkey and LGBTI Rights
(Ankara Univ European Union Research Centre, 2020) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The European Union (EU) has established an advanced regime for non-discrimination and LGBTI rights have been included within this regime. EU candidate states are expected to be a part of this regime and launch Europeanizing reforms in the area. While, as an EU candidate state, Turkey is not immune from this, LGBTI rights have remained an area without any reform in the 2000s and even an area full with discrimination experiences. This article examines why there emerged no reforms during the increasing Europeanizing reforms in Turkey in the 2000s. The main argument is that the reasons of inertia in LGBTI rights in the 2000s' Turkey are the incapability of the EU for driving reforms and the negative mindset of the AKP regarding LGBTI-related issues.
Exploring the puzzle of minority rights Introduction
(Routledge, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]
Citation - WoS: 3
From Eu-Phoria To Eu-Phobia? Changing Turkish Narratives in Eu-Turkey Relations
(Sciendo, 2019) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
Since the 1999 launch of EU candidate country status, EU-Turkey relations have reached a new level of closer engagement. Across time, the relations demonstrate different levels of engagement and, accordingly, different narratives. Regarding the Turkish narratives of the EU, the EU is framed across time as follows: EU as a democratic anchor; EU as a disappointment; EU as an untrustworthy entity; EU as an enemy. As seen, Turkish narratives demonstrate a trend from EU-phoria to EU-phobia. In the end, it is important that EU-Turkey relations and Turkish narratives on the EU are not immune to domestic developments, especially those shaped by populist politics in the last two decades.
Citation - WoS: 57
Citation - Scopus: 71
From Europeanization To De-Europeanization: the Europeanization Process of Turkey in 1999-2014
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
Turkey has been experiencing a controversial path of Europeanization by the 1999 Helsinki Summit granting EU candidate country status to the country: a changing trend from progressing Europeanization to selective Europeanization and recently de-Europeanization. Such a puzzling process, especially considering the recent de-Europeanization, is explored in this article through critically discussing the role of the EU and domestic factors. The article argues that the process has been influenced by EU conditionality in the early period of Europeanization and by the preferences of the Turkish government at the later stages, which also determine the direction of the reforms (i.e., Europeanization, de-Europeanization).
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
It Is Voluntary Transfer! Exploring Healthcare Reforms in Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The Turkish healthcare system has been transformed in the 2000s by adopting a comprehensive health model - the so-called Turkish Model. Although Europeanization dynamics were effective in Turkey in recent decades due to the acceleration of European Union (EU) accession process after 1999, healthcare reforms demonstrate a distinct process. This article analyzes the factors behind the health transformation through employing a policy transfer framework. It argues that a parallel process of health-policy transfer with Europeanization in other areas emerged in Turkey, and rather than the EU push, the Turkish healthcare model was a result of voluntary engagement for eliminating problems in this domain.
Minorities and Minority Rights in Europe
(Ankara Univ European Union Research Centre, 2015) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
Europe has been the home for various ethnic, linguistic and religious minority groups for decades and it is almost impossible to find an European country with ethnic, linguistic and religious homegeneity. Notably, conflicts in Europe after the Cold War demonstrated the importance of minority issues and minority rights for Europe. In this respect, the European organizations like the European Union or the Council of Europe actively seek to promote minority rights in Europe. Especially through the enlargement of these organizations, the promotion of minority rights widened its sphere in Europe by minority conditions required to be fulfilled by the candidate countries are for membership. However, there is still no minority standard in Europe like the one in human rights. In contrast, minority rights have still been held by sovereign European states rather than through a common platform.
Minority Rights in Turkey a Battlefield for Europeanization Conclusions and Prospects
(Routledge, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 7
Post-Truth Politics in the 2017 Euro-Turkish Crisis
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
The year 2017 constituted a period of deep crisis and mutual distrust in relations between Turkey and Europe. During the referendum campaign on a proposed change to the constitution, the Turkish government reacted harshly to European countries that prohibited politicians campaigning in their territories. The key members of the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi - AKP) also met the European response with enmity. A detailed analysis of the discourse of the AKP's key cadre during the 2017 crisis reveals element of a new phenomenon which is emerging in the politics of many countries: post-truth.
Pull Without Push in 2008-2014 Drift From the Eu and Rule by the 'domestic
(Routledge, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]
Push Without Pull in 1999-2004 Eu Conditionality Triggers the Reforms
(Routledge, 2017) Yilmaz, Gozde; International Relations
[No Abstract Available]