Türkiye'de Vergi Aflarının ve Vergi Yapılandırılmasının İncelenmesi (2000-2021 Yılları Arası)
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2021
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Günümüzde devletin faaliyetlerini sürdürmek ve kamu hizmetlerini yerine getirmek için kullandığı en önemli kaynak şüphesiz vergilendirmedir. Anayasamız, ülkede yaşayan ve kamu hizmetlerinden yararlanan tüm gerçek ve tüzel kişilerin kamu hizmetlerinin finansmanı için vergilendirildiğini ve bu nedenle vergi ilişkisinin bir parçası olduğunu öngörmektedir. Vergi ilişkisinde devlet, kamu hizmetlerinden yararlananlardan vergi tahsil etmektedir. Mükellefleri vergi borçlarını ödediğinde devlet için bu vergi talebi ortadan kalkmaktadır. Ancak bazı durumlarda vergi mükellefi, vergiyi ödemese bile devlet bazen vergi mükellefinin rahatlığı için, bazen özel durumlarda vergiden muaf tutabilmektedir. Zaman aşımı, muafiyet ve vergi affı gibi doğal olmayan nedenlerden dolayı vergi alacaklarının ortadan kalkması ya da yapılandırılması, ana gelir kaynağı vergilendirme olan Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ele alınması gereken önemli bir konudur. Bu bağlamda devletin vergide yapılandırmaya gitmesinin nedenleri bu çalışmada ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte vergi affı ve yapılandırma, devletlerin vergi alacaklarını iptal etmelerinin nedenlerinden biridir ve genellikle siyasi nedenlerden dolayı devletler tarafından vergi taleplerinin tek taraflı olarak terk edilmesi gibi zaman aşımı ve yürürlükten kaldırılma yönlerinden farklı oldukları için ayrı bölümlerde ele alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte vergi yapılandırma süreçlerinin mükellefler üzerine olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri de bu çalışmada tartışılmıştır.
Taxation is certainly one of the most important resources for the state to perform its activities and provide public services. The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey asserts that all real persons and corporate bodies making use of public services in the country are taxed for the purpose of funding of these public services, and therefore, they are part of this tax relationship. In this tax relationship, the state collect taxes from the beneficiaries of public services. When tax-payers pay their taxes, the state's tax claim disappears. However, in some cases, even if the tax-payer does not pay taxes, the state may exempt the tax-payer from taxes for the convenience of the tax-payer or due to certain special conditions. Elimination or restructuring of tax claims due to prescription, exemption, tax amnesty, etc., is an important topic that must be discussed in countries like Turkey, where taxation is defined as a main source of income. This study discusses reasons for the state's restructuring taxes in depth. Tax amnesty or restructuring is one of the methods for the state to cancel tax claims and, in this study, the concepts of tax amnesty and tax restructuring were discussed separately from prescription and abolition, which are different in terms of unilateral renouncement of tax claims by the state for political reasons. In addition, positive and negative effects of tax restructuring process on tax-payers were also discussed.
Taxation is certainly one of the most important resources for the state to perform its activities and provide public services. The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey asserts that all real persons and corporate bodies making use of public services in the country are taxed for the purpose of funding of these public services, and therefore, they are part of this tax relationship. In this tax relationship, the state collect taxes from the beneficiaries of public services. When tax-payers pay their taxes, the state's tax claim disappears. However, in some cases, even if the tax-payer does not pay taxes, the state may exempt the tax-payer from taxes for the convenience of the tax-payer or due to certain special conditions. Elimination or restructuring of tax claims due to prescription, exemption, tax amnesty, etc., is an important topic that must be discussed in countries like Turkey, where taxation is defined as a main source of income. This study discusses reasons for the state's restructuring taxes in depth. Tax amnesty or restructuring is one of the methods for the state to cancel tax claims and, in this study, the concepts of tax amnesty and tax restructuring were discussed separately from prescription and abolition, which are different in terms of unilateral renouncement of tax claims by the state for political reasons. In addition, positive and negative effects of tax restructuring process on tax-payers were also discussed.
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Maliye, Vergi affı, Vergi alacakları, Vergi borcu, Finance, Tax amnesty, Vergi mükellefi, Deferred tax asset, Tax debt, Vergiler, Taxpayer, Yapılanma, Taxes, Construction, Yeniden yapılanma, Restructuring
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116