Soğuk savaş sonrası eski SSCB coğrafyasında görülen etnik ve dinsel çatışmalar
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Date
2012
Authors
Keser, Mümtaz Ulvi
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Abstract
SSCB dağıldıktan sonra oluşan siyasal boşluk ortamında etno-milliyetçilik, hareket sahası bulmuştur. Ulus, etnik ve dinsel unsurlar ve azınlık gibi kavramlar dünya siyasal gündeminde belirleyici rol oynayan güçlü devletlerce çıkarları doğrultusunda şekillendirilmiş, milyonlarca insan iktisadi ve poliitk olarak bağımlı hale getirilmiştir. Muhafazakar ve egrici ulusçuluğun, radikal dinciliğin Sovyetler Birliği sonrasında Moldova, Kafkasya, Transkafkasya ve Orta Asya'daki beş yeni bağımsız devlette körüklendiği, ulusal düşman olarak ırksal, dinsel, dilsel, etnik farklılıkların nefrete dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Eski Sovyet coğrafyasında SSCB sonrası yaşanan etnik ve dinsel çatışmaların nedenlerini tek bir kategori altında açıklayabilmek mümkün değildir. Bu çalışmada Soğuk Savaş sonrasında yeniden şekillenen uluslararası sistemin getirdikleri ve söz konusu bölgelerde etkin olan devletlerin dış politikaları dikkate alınarak Moldova, Kafkasya, Transkafkasya ve Orta Asya bölgelerinde görülen çatışmalar açıklanmaya çalışılmış, çatışma halindeki grupların birbirleri ile ilişkilerinin tarihsel arka planı, içinde bulundukları sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-politik durumlarının karşılaştırılması, bulundukları bölgenin jeopolitik ve jeostratejik önemi gibi bir dizi alt başlıkların incelenerek her bir çatışmanın kendi öznelliğinde kendi özgün koşullarında incelenmesinin doğru analiz edilebilirliği açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmüştür.
Ethno-nationalism came forth in the atmosphere of political gap after the collapse of the USSR. The concepts such as nation, ethnical and religious components and minority were shaped in line with the interests of powerful states that play a determinant role in the world?s political agenda, and millions of people were made economically and politically dependent. It is seen that conservative and reactionary nationalism and radical religionism instigated in five new independent states located in Moldova, Caucasia, Transcaucasia and Central Asia and the differences in terms of race, religion, language and ethnicity turned into hatred as national enemies. It is not possible to explain the reasons of ethnical and religious conflicts after the collapse of the USSR in the old Soviet territory under a single category. In this study, I tried to probe the results of international system that is reshaped in the post-Cold War Era and the conflicts seen in Moldova, Caucasia, Transcaucasia and Central Asia by taking into consideration foreign policies of the powerful states in the said region as well as a series of subtopics such as historical background of the relations of the conflicting groups, comparison of their socio-economical and socio-political conditions and geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the region. I believe that studying each and every conflict in its own subjectivity and special condition is significantly important for their proper analyzability.
Ethno-nationalism came forth in the atmosphere of political gap after the collapse of the USSR. The concepts such as nation, ethnical and religious components and minority were shaped in line with the interests of powerful states that play a determinant role in the world?s political agenda, and millions of people were made economically and politically dependent. It is seen that conservative and reactionary nationalism and radical religionism instigated in five new independent states located in Moldova, Caucasia, Transcaucasia and Central Asia and the differences in terms of race, religion, language and ethnicity turned into hatred as national enemies. It is not possible to explain the reasons of ethnical and religious conflicts after the collapse of the USSR in the old Soviet territory under a single category. In this study, I tried to probe the results of international system that is reshaped in the post-Cold War Era and the conflicts seen in Moldova, Caucasia, Transcaucasia and Central Asia by taking into consideration foreign policies of the powerful states in the said region as well as a series of subtopics such as historical background of the relations of the conflicting groups, comparison of their socio-economical and socio-political conditions and geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the region. I believe that studying each and every conflict in its own subjectivity and special condition is significantly important for their proper analyzability.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Dini çatışmalar, Etnik kimlik, Etnik çatışmalar, International Relations, Religious conflicts, Etnisite, Ethnic identity, Ethnic conflicts, Milliyetçilik, Ethnicity, Sovyetler Birliği, Nationalism, Soviet Union, Soğuk Savaş sonrası, After the Cold War
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254