Whip-Predict Whiplash Risk Sınıflandırma Aracının Türkçe Geçerlik, Güvenirlik Çalışması
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2025
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Bu çalışma, WHIP-PREDICT Whiplash Risk Sınıflandırma Aracı'nın Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Whiplash yaralanmaları, trafik kazaları gibi travmatik olaylar sonucunda ortaya çıkan karmaşık bir sağlık sorunu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Quebec Task Force (QTF) tarafından geliştirilen 'Whiplash Associated Disorders' (WAD) terimi, bu tür yaralanmaların tanımlanmasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. WHIP-PREDICT ölçeği, whiplash yaralanmalarının risk faktörlerini değerlendirerek, uygun tedavi ve rehabilitasyon planlarının oluşturulmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Ancak, Türkiye'de Whiplash yaralanmalarının risk sınıflandırılması için kullanılan ve Türkçe geçerlik güvenirliği olan herhangi bir ölçek bulunmamaktadır. Literatürdeki bu eksikliği gidermek için WHIP-PREDICT aracının Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapıldı. Bu araştırma, Ağustos 2024 ile Haziran 2025 tarihleri arasında, 18-65 yaş aralığındaki 285 bireyden elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirildi. Katılımcılar, çalışmanın dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun olarak seçildi ve anket süreci, etik kurallara uygun olarak gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma kapsamında katılımcıların, demografik bilgileri, kronik hastalık varlığı ve WHIP-PREDICT ölçeği uygulandı. Ayrıca, Boyun Özürlülük Sorgulama Anketi (BÖA), Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği (TKÖ) ve Olayların Etkisi Ölçeği (OEÖ) gibi ek ölçüm araçları da kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda, WHIP-PREDICT ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonunun Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0,893 olarak hesaplandı, bu da yüksek düzeyde iç tutarlılığı gösterdi. Yapı geçerliği analizi, ölçeğin iki alt boyutlu bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koydu. WHIP-PREDICT'in ilk bölümdeki 10 madde, whiplash travması ile ilişkili semptomları ve risk faktörlerini ölçerken, ikinci bölümdeki 5 madde ise aşırı uyarılma durumunu değerlendirmektedir. Bu bölüm, özellikle 35 yaş ve üzerindeki katılımcılarda yaşa bağlı aşırı uyarılma ile artan riskleri göz önünde bulundurarak, whiplash yaralanmalarının psikolojik etkilerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma sonucunda; WHIP-PREDICT'in birinci bölümü ile, BÖA toplam puanı arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif ilişki, TKÖ toplam puanı arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ilişki, OEÖ toplam puanı arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ilişki bulundu. WHIP-PREDICT'in ikinci bölümü ile; BÖA toplam puanı arasında zayıf fakat istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki, OEÖ toplam puanı arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ilişki, TKÖ toplam puanı arasında ise zayıf düzeyde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan korelasyon bulundu. Çalışma sonuçlarımız, WHIP-PREDICT ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonunun, whiplash yaralanmalarının değerlendirilmesinde güvenilir ve geçerli bir araç olduğunu gösterdi. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de WHIP-PREDICT'in klinik uygulamalara entegrasyonunu kazandırarak, whiplash yaralanmalarının değerlendirilmesinde ve yönetiminde önemli katkılar sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, boyun ağrılı bireylerin değerlendirme ve tedavi süreçlerinin özelleştirilmesine, bunun yanı sıra bu alanda çalışan hekim ve fizyoterapistlerin sunduğu sağlık hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesinde önemli rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
This study was designed to analyze the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the WHIP-PREDICT Whiplash Risk Classification Tool. Whiplash injuries are defined as a complex health problem that occurs as a result of traumatic events such as traffic accidents. In this context, the term 'Whiplash Associated Disorders' (WAD) developed by the Quebec Task Force (QTF) has an important place in defining such injuries. The WHIP-PREDICT scale helps to create appropriate treatment and rehabilitation plans by evaluating the risk factors of whiplash injuries However, there is no Turkish validity and reliability scale used for risk stratification of whiplash injuries in Turkey. To fill this gap in the literature, a Turkish validity and reliability study of the WHIP-PREDICT tool was conducted. This study was conducted between August 2024 and June 2025 with data obtained from 285 individuals aged 18-65 years. The subjects were selected in accordance with the inclusion criteria of the study and the survey process was conducted in accordance with ethical rules. Within the scope of the study, demographic information, health status and WHIP-PREDICT scale were applied. Additional measurement tools such as Neck Disability Index (NDI), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) and Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) were also used. As a result of the data obtained, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the WHIP-PREDICT scale was calculated as 0.893, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Construct validity analysis revealed that the scale had a two-subdimensional structure. The 10 items in the first part of the WHIP-PREDICT measure symptoms and risk factors associated with whiplash trauma, while the 5 items in the second part assess hyperarousal. This section aims to understand the psychological effects of whiplash injuries, taking into account the increased risks associated with age-related hyperarousal, especially in participants aged 35 years and older. As a result of this study, a high positive correlation was found between the first part of the WHIP-PREDICT and the total score of the NDI, a moderate positive correlation between the total score of the TKS, and a moderate positive correlation between the total score of the IES-R. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the second part of the WHIP-PREDICT and the total score of the NDI, a moderate positive correlation between the total score of the IES-R, and a weak and statistically insignificant correlation between the total score of the TKS. Our results showed that the Turkish version of the WHIP-PREDICT scale is a reliable and valid tool for the evaluation of whiplash injuries. This study may provide important contributions to the evaluation and management of whiplash injuries by integrating WHIP-PREDICT into clinical practice in Turkey. The findings obtained may play an important role in customizing the evaluation and treatment processes of individuals with neck pain, as well as in improving the health services provided by physicians and physiotherapists working in this field.
This study was designed to analyze the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the WHIP-PREDICT Whiplash Risk Classification Tool. Whiplash injuries are defined as a complex health problem that occurs as a result of traumatic events such as traffic accidents. In this context, the term 'Whiplash Associated Disorders' (WAD) developed by the Quebec Task Force (QTF) has an important place in defining such injuries. The WHIP-PREDICT scale helps to create appropriate treatment and rehabilitation plans by evaluating the risk factors of whiplash injuries However, there is no Turkish validity and reliability scale used for risk stratification of whiplash injuries in Turkey. To fill this gap in the literature, a Turkish validity and reliability study of the WHIP-PREDICT tool was conducted. This study was conducted between August 2024 and June 2025 with data obtained from 285 individuals aged 18-65 years. The subjects were selected in accordance with the inclusion criteria of the study and the survey process was conducted in accordance with ethical rules. Within the scope of the study, demographic information, health status and WHIP-PREDICT scale were applied. Additional measurement tools such as Neck Disability Index (NDI), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) and Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) were also used. As a result of the data obtained, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the WHIP-PREDICT scale was calculated as 0.893, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Construct validity analysis revealed that the scale had a two-subdimensional structure. The 10 items in the first part of the WHIP-PREDICT measure symptoms and risk factors associated with whiplash trauma, while the 5 items in the second part assess hyperarousal. This section aims to understand the psychological effects of whiplash injuries, taking into account the increased risks associated with age-related hyperarousal, especially in participants aged 35 years and older. As a result of this study, a high positive correlation was found between the first part of the WHIP-PREDICT and the total score of the NDI, a moderate positive correlation between the total score of the TKS, and a moderate positive correlation between the total score of the IES-R. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the second part of the WHIP-PREDICT and the total score of the NDI, a moderate positive correlation between the total score of the IES-R, and a weak and statistically insignificant correlation between the total score of the TKS. Our results showed that the Turkish version of the WHIP-PREDICT scale is a reliable and valid tool for the evaluation of whiplash injuries. This study may provide important contributions to the evaluation and management of whiplash injuries by integrating WHIP-PREDICT into clinical practice in Turkey. The findings obtained may play an important role in customizing the evaluation and treatment processes of individuals with neck pain, as well as in improving the health services provided by physicians and physiotherapists working in this field.
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Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
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