Müfredat bazlı ders zamanlama tablosu çizelgeleme problemi eniyilemesi için yeni açgözlü algoritmalar

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2021

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Computer Engineering
(1998)
The Atılım University Department of Computer Engineering was founded in 1998. The department curriculum is prepared in a way that meets the demands for knowledge and skills after graduation, and is subject to periodical reviews and updates in line with international standards. Our Department offers education in many fields of expertise, such as software development, hardware systems, data structures, computer networks, artificial intelligence, machine learning, image processing, natural language processing, object based design, information security, and cloud computing. The education offered by our department is based on practical approaches, with modern laboratories, projects and internship programs. The undergraduate program at our department was accredited in 2014 by the Association of Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programs (MÜDEK) and was granted the label EUR-ACE, valid through Europe. In addition to the undergraduate program, our department offers thesis or non-thesis graduate degree programs (MS).
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Software Engineering
(2005)
Department of Software Engineering was founded in 2005 as the first department in Ankara in Software Engineering. The recent developments in current technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Big Data, and Blockchains, have placed Software Engineering among the top professions of today, and the future. The academic and research activities in the department are pursued with qualified faculty at Undergraduate, Graduate and Doctorate Degree levels. Our University is one of the two universities offering a Doctorate-level program in this field. In addition to focusing on the basic phases of software (analysis, design, development, testing) and relevant methodologies in detail, our department offers education in various areas of expertise, such as Object-oriented Analysis and Design, Human-Computer Interaction, Software Quality Assurance, Software Requirement Engineering, Software Design and Architecture, Software Project Management, Software Testing and Model-Driven Software Development. The curriculum of our Department is catered to graduate individuals who are prepared to take part in any phase of software development of large-scale software in line with the requirements of the software sector. Department of Software Engineering is accredited by MÜDEK (Association for Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programs) until September 30th, 2021, and has been granted the EUR-ACE label that is valid in Europe. This label provides our graduates with a vital head-start to be admitted to graduate-level programs, and into working environments in European Union countries. The Big Data and Cloud Computing Laboratory, as well as MobiLab where mobile applications are developed, SimLAB, the simulation laboratory for Medical Computing, and software education laboratories of the department are equipped with various software tools and hardware to enable our students to use state-of-the-art software technologies. Our graduates are employed in software and R&D companies (Technoparks), national/international institutions developing or utilizing software technologies (such as banks, healthcare institutions, the Information Technologies departments of private and public institutions, telecommunication companies, TÜİK, SPK, BDDK, EPDK, RK, or universities), and research institutions such TÜBİTAK.

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Bu tez, 'Ders Zaman Çizelgesi Oluşturma' probleminin bir alt versiyonu olarak bilinen 'Müfredata Dayalı Ders Zaman Çizelgesi Oluşturma' (CB-CTT) probleminin optimizasyonu için yeni açgözlü algoritmalar sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, sert kısıtlamaların (uygulanabilir çözümler) doğruluğunu korurken, yumuşak kısıt ihlallerinin toplam sayısını en aza indirmektir. Problem NP-Zor bir problem olduğundan ve büyük örneklerinin pratik zamanlarda çözülmesi için çok uzun süreler gerektirdiğinden, birkaç milisaniye içinde kabul edilebilir sonuçlar üreten açgözlü algoritmalar, arama yapmak için saatler süren eniyileme süreleri harcayan kaba kuvvet ve evrimsel algoritmalara göre daha iyi bir alternatif oluşturmaktadır. Pek çok açgözlü algoritma geliştirildi ve tek bir sezgisel yöntem kullanmak yerine, aynı problem örneğinde 120 açgözlü yöntem tanımlanıp çalıştırıldı ve daha iyi sonuçlar rapor edildi. Açgözlü algoritmaların maliyetlerinin ortalama olarak karşılaştırılabilir olması gerektiğini belirten Ücretsiz Öğle Yemeği Yok (No Free Lunch) Teorisine uygun olarak en iyi sonuçlar çalışmanın sonunda rapor edilmiştir. Önerdiğimiz açgözlü algoritmalarımız; En Büyük-Önce, En Küçük-Önce, En İyi-Uygun-Önce, Ortalama-ağırlıklı Önce sezgisel yöntemleri ve En Yüksek Kullanılamayan ders-ilk sezgisel yöntemlerini kullanarak dersleri kapasitelerine göre sıralanan mevcut odalara atar. Önerilen algoritmamızın performansını değerlendirmek için, İkinci Uluslararası Zaman Çizelgesi Oluşturma Yarışması (ITC-2007) setinden 21 problem örneği üzerinde deneyler yapıldı. Deneysel sonuçlar, önerilen açgözlü algoritmaların, önemli ölçüde azaltılmış yumuşak kısıtlama değerleriyle sıfır sert sınırlama ihlallerini bildirebileceğini doğrulanmaktadır.
This thesis presents a set of new greedy algorithms for the optimization of the well-known 'Curriculum-Based Course Timetabling' (CB-CTT) problem, which is a sub-type of the 'Course Timetabling' problem. The main goal of the study is to minimize the total number of soft constraint violations while preserving the satisfaction of hard constraints (feasible solutions). Since the problem is NP-Hard and large instances of the problem cannot be solved in practical times, greedy algorithms that work to produce acceptable results in a few seconds are good alternatives to brute-force and evolutionary algorithms that spend hours of execution times to search for an optimal solution. Instead of using a single heuristic as it is performed by many greedy algorithms, we define and execute 120 greedy heuristics on the same problem instance simultaneously and report the overall best result, which would produce better results than which is obtainable by using a single greedy heuristic algorithm. The best results with respect to the No Free Lunch Theory, which states that the costs of greedy heuristics should be comparable on average, are reported. Our proposed greedy algorithms use the Largest-First, Smallest-First, Best-Fit, Average-weight first heuristics, and the Highest Unavailable course-first heuristics simultaneously while assigning the courses to the available rooms that are ordered by their capacity according to the above four different criteria. In order to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm, we carry out experiments on 21 problem instances from the Second International Timetabling Competition (ITC-2007) benchmark set. The experimental results verify that the proposed greedy algorithms can report zero hard constraint violations (feasible solutions) for 18 problems with significantly reduced soft-constraint values.

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Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bilimleri-Bilgisayar ve Kontrol, Computer Engineering and Computer Science and Control

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