Charlotte Bronte'nin Villette (1853), Iris Murdoch'un Melekler Zamanı (1966), Jeanette Winterson'ın Tek Meyve Portakal Değildir (1985) romanlarının Kristeva'nın teorisine göre okunması
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Bu tezin amacı seçilmiş romanlarda abjeksiyon yüzünden krizde olan kadın kimliğindeki değişimin araştırılmasıdır. Kristeva bir bebeğin özne olmak ve sembolik düzene girip babanın kanununu kabul edebilmesi için 'abjeksiyon (iğrenme)' adı verilen bir süreçten geçerek, annesi ve kendi arasına sınır koyarak ondan ayrılması gerektiğini öne sürer. Metaforik olarak birinin kimliğini kaybetme korkusu anlamına gelen abjeksiyon kişinin kendine 'diğeri' olanı reddetmesi durumudur. Bu çalışmada Kristeva'nın kimlik teorisi, yani, abjeksiyon, melankoli, psikolojik kriz halindeki kadın karakterlerin kaybettikleri anneleriyle tekrar birleşme arzusu ile semiotik chora arayışları ve yeni bir kimlikle sembolik düzene uyum sağlamaları üç farklı dönemden üç romanla Villette (1853), Melekler Zamanı (1966), ve Tek Meyve Portakal Değildir (1985) açıklanacaktır. Bu romanlar kadın yazarların kriz içindeki kadın kimliğini ayrı perspektiflerden temsil etmede farklarını göstermek için özellikle seçilmiştir. Kristeva için, annelik ve semiotiği temsil eden kadınlar, erkek merkezli sembolik düzeni değiştiremezler, ama kimliğin yapılanması asla tamamlanmadığı için süreç içindeki ya da sorgulanan özneler olarak değişebilir ve bu romanlarda görüldüğü gibi sembolik düzende yerlerini alabilirler. Anahtar Kelimeler: Abjeksiyon (İğrenme), Kadın Kimliği, Kriz, Kristeva, Feminizm.
The aim of this dissertation is to explore the change in female subjectivity in selected novels as a result of the crisis they experience because of the abjection. Kristeva claims that an infant has to separate from its mother in order to put borders between itself and its mother by a process called 'abjection' to become a subject and access the symbolic order to accept the Law of the father. Abjection is the condition of rejecting what is 'other' to oneself which metaphorically refers to the fear of losing one's own identity. In this study, Kristevan theories of subjectivity, that is, abjection, melancholia, the female characters' search for semiotic chora with a psychological crisis wishing a reunion with their lost mothers and conformation to the symbolic order with their 'new' subjectivity will be explained in three novels from three different periods, Villette (1883), The Time of Angels (1964) and Oranges are not the Only Fruit (1985). These novels are particularly chosen to display the differences of the female authors in representing female subjectivity in crisis from distinct perspectives, For Kristeva, women representing the semiotic and the maternity, are unable to change the male-centred symbolic order, but can change as subjects in process or on trial as the constitution of the identity is never fixed and can take their place in the symbolic order as seen in these novels. Keywords: Abjection, Female Subjectivity, Crisis, Kristeva, Feminism.
The aim of this dissertation is to explore the change in female subjectivity in selected novels as a result of the crisis they experience because of the abjection. Kristeva claims that an infant has to separate from its mother in order to put borders between itself and its mother by a process called 'abjection' to become a subject and access the symbolic order to accept the Law of the father. Abjection is the condition of rejecting what is 'other' to oneself which metaphorically refers to the fear of losing one's own identity. In this study, Kristevan theories of subjectivity, that is, abjection, melancholia, the female characters' search for semiotic chora with a psychological crisis wishing a reunion with their lost mothers and conformation to the symbolic order with their 'new' subjectivity will be explained in three novels from three different periods, Villette (1883), The Time of Angels (1964) and Oranges are not the Only Fruit (1985). These novels are particularly chosen to display the differences of the female authors in representing female subjectivity in crisis from distinct perspectives, For Kristeva, women representing the semiotic and the maternity, are unable to change the male-centred symbolic order, but can change as subjects in process or on trial as the constitution of the identity is never fixed and can take their place in the symbolic order as seen in these novels. Keywords: Abjection, Female Subjectivity, Crisis, Kristeva, Feminism.
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Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Western Linguistics and Literature
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164