Avrupa Birliği'nin Yumuşak Gücü: Küresel İklim Değişikliği Politikaları
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2021
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İklim değişikliği ile mücadelenin 1970'lerde uluslararası platforma taşınmasıyla Avrupa Birliği iklim değişikliğinin dünya ve gelecek nesiller için bir tehdit olduğunu fark etmiş ve konuyu gündemine dâhil etme kararı almıştır. 1970'li yıllardan günümüze kadar AB kurumları çevre ve iklim politikalarını da göze alarak siyasete yön vermektedir. Askeri ve sert güce sahip olmayan AB uluslararası iklim değişikliği müzakerelerinde yumuşak gücünü kullanmaktadır. Nye'ın uluslararası ilişkilere kazandırmış olduğu yumuşak güç kavramı 1990'larda literatüre girdiğinde ilk olarak AB'ye atıfta bulunan bir güç biçimi değildi. O yıllarda ABD'nin gücünün zayıfladığı çevrelerce tartışılırken, AB'nin yumuşak güç olup olmadığı tartışmaları başlamıştır. Yumuşak güç ve sert güç arasında bulunan ayrımda yumuşak güç araçları kültür ve diplomasi gibi araçlarken sert güç zor kullanma ve askeri orduya sahip olma gibi araçları içermektedir. Küresel iklim değişikliği politikalarında liderliği devralan AB, tüm ülkeleri sera gazı emisyon azaltımı konusunda yükümlülük almaya davet etmektedir. 1970'li yıllardan sonra AB için değerlenen ve gündeminde önemli yere sahip olan çevre ve iklim politikaları, yumuşak güç bağlamında araştırılarak, yazılan bu tezin ana temasını oluşturmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler Avrupa Birliği, Emisyon Azaltımı, İklim Değişikliği, Paris Anlaşması, Yumuşak Güç
When the fight against climate change was brought to the international platform in the 1970s, the European Union realized that climate change would be a threat to the whole world and for future generations so they decided to include this issue in agenda. The EU, which does not have military and hard power, uses its soft power in international negotiations. When the concept of soft power, which Nye brought to international relations, entered the literature in the 1990s, it was not a form of power that first referred to the EU. While it was discussed by the states that the power of the USA was weakened in those years, the debates began on whether the EU was a soft power or not. In the distinction between soft power and hard power, soft power tools include items like culture and diplomacy, while hard power includes tools such as using force and having a military army. The EU, which took over the leadership in global climate change policies invites all countries to take responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental and climate policies, which have been valued for the EU after the 1970s and have an important place in its agenda, constitute the main theme of this thesis, which was written by researching in the context of soft power. Keywords European Union, Emission Reduction, Climate Change, Paris Agreement, Soft Power
When the fight against climate change was brought to the international platform in the 1970s, the European Union realized that climate change would be a threat to the whole world and for future generations so they decided to include this issue in agenda. The EU, which does not have military and hard power, uses its soft power in international negotiations. When the concept of soft power, which Nye brought to international relations, entered the literature in the 1990s, it was not a form of power that first referred to the EU. While it was discussed by the states that the power of the USA was weakened in those years, the debates began on whether the EU was a soft power or not. In the distinction between soft power and hard power, soft power tools include items like culture and diplomacy, while hard power includes tools such as using force and having a military army. The EU, which took over the leadership in global climate change policies invites all countries to take responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental and climate policies, which have been valued for the EU after the 1970s and have an important place in its agenda, constitute the main theme of this thesis, which was written by researching in the context of soft power. Keywords European Union, Emission Reduction, Climate Change, Paris Agreement, Soft Power
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Avrupa Birliği, Emisyon, Güç, International Relations, Karbondioksit salınımı, European Union, Paris Antlaşması, Emission, Power, Sera gazı, Carbondioxide emission, Paris Treaty, Yumuşak güç, Greenhouse gases, Çevre politikaları, Soft power, Environmental policies, İklim değişikliği, Climate change
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