İttifaktan Düşmanlığa Dönüşen Türk-sovyet İlişkileri: Stalin Dönemi Türk Dış Politikasında Yaşanan Büyük Değişim
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Date
2020
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Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ile Sovyetler Birliği arasında gelişen ilk ilişkiler dönemin şartları ile değerlendirildiğinde 'zorunlu' tabiri en uygun ifade olarak belirmektedir. Türkiye'nin dış politikasında kuruluşuyla beraber Sovyetler Birliği temel eksen noktası olarak görülmüş, 1936 yılında yaklaşan savaşın etkisiyle Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi ile ikili ilişkilerde ilk kırılma yaşanmıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşında gerçekleşen Alman-Sovyet ittifakı Türkiye üzerinde deyim yerindeyse soğuk duş etkisi yaratırken, ikili ilişkilerde güvensizliğin temel alındığı bir döneminde başlangıcı olmuştur. Türkiye'nin savaşa dahil olmama konusunda yürüttüğü 'aktif tarafsızlık' politikası nedeniyle Sovyetler Birliğinin de dahil olduğu müttefiklerle ilişkiler gergin bir halde sürerken, savaş süresince ve savaş sonrası Sovyetler Birliğini, Boğazlar ve doğu illeri üzerinde hak talebi ile ikili ilişkiler büyük yara almıştır. Bu güvensizliğin yarattığı etkiyle, Türkiye savaş sonrası oluşan yeni dünya düzeninde Sovyet tehdidine karşı oluşan Batı bloğunda güç dengesi yaratmak maksadıyla yer almıştır. İttifak olarak başlayan ikili ilişkiler düşmanlığa evirilmiş ve tamir edilmesi güç olan yaralar almıştır. Tez çalışmasının dönem sınırı olarak Stalin dönemini incelemesinin nedeni, ittifak ve dostluk döneminin Stalin ile başlaması ve gerginlikten, kopuşa kadar Stalin'in tek lider olarak yürüttüğü politikalarının bir ürünü olmasıdır. Stalin'in ölümü sonrası, Sovyetler Birliği ikili ilişkilerde en temel sorunlar olan toprak talebinden ve Boğazlardan hak iddiasından vazgeçmesi ise Stalin döneminde izlenen Türk ve Sovyet politikaları incelenmesini önemli kılmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında dönemin en belirgin teorisi olan realizmin Türk dış politikasına yansımaları incelenmiş, bu bağlamda bu teorinin uygulanma sahaları açıklanmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Sovyetler Birliği, Stalin, Boğazlar, 2. Dünya Savaşı, Komünizm, Realizm
When the first relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Soviet Union are evaluated with the conditions of the period, the term 'mandatory' appears to be the most appropriate expression. With its establishment in Turkey's foreign policy, the Soviet Union was seen as the main axis point, in 1936, the Montreux Straits Convention and bilateral relations were first broken due to the upcoming war. The German-Soviet alliance in The Second World War had the beginning of a period of insecurity in bilateral relations, which was based on the so-called cold shower effect on Turkey. The balance has changed with the German-Soviet war, which the Allied states inevitably consider. Relations with allies, including Soviet Russia, continue dissdain due to Turkey's policy of 'active neutrality' on non-entry into the war, while during the war and after the war, bilateral relations were greatly damaged by Soviet Russia's territorial claim over Turkey and its claim to the Straits. The bilateral relations that began as an alliance have been turned into hostilities and have been wounded that are difficult to repair. The reason why this thesis examined the Stalin period as the term limit was that the period of alliance and friendship began with Stalin and was a product of Stalin's policies as the sole leader from tension to breakup. After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union's refusal to claim the most fundamental problems in bilateral relations, land demand, and its claim to the straits, makes it important to examine the Turkish and Soviet policies pursued during the Stalin era. In this thesis study, the reflections of realism, the most obvious theory of the period, on Turkish foreign policy, were examined and in this context, the fields of implementation of this theory were explained. Keywords: Soviet Union, Stalin, Straits, 2.World War II, Communism, Realism
When the first relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Soviet Union are evaluated with the conditions of the period, the term 'mandatory' appears to be the most appropriate expression. With its establishment in Turkey's foreign policy, the Soviet Union was seen as the main axis point, in 1936, the Montreux Straits Convention and bilateral relations were first broken due to the upcoming war. The German-Soviet alliance in The Second World War had the beginning of a period of insecurity in bilateral relations, which was based on the so-called cold shower effect on Turkey. The balance has changed with the German-Soviet war, which the Allied states inevitably consider. Relations with allies, including Soviet Russia, continue dissdain due to Turkey's policy of 'active neutrality' on non-entry into the war, while during the war and after the war, bilateral relations were greatly damaged by Soviet Russia's territorial claim over Turkey and its claim to the Straits. The bilateral relations that began as an alliance have been turned into hostilities and have been wounded that are difficult to repair. The reason why this thesis examined the Stalin period as the term limit was that the period of alliance and friendship began with Stalin and was a product of Stalin's policies as the sole leader from tension to breakup. After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union's refusal to claim the most fundamental problems in bilateral relations, land demand, and its claim to the straits, makes it important to examine the Turkish and Soviet policies pursued during the Stalin era. In this thesis study, the reflections of realism, the most obvious theory of the period, on Turkish foreign policy, were examined and in this context, the fields of implementation of this theory were explained. Keywords: Soviet Union, Stalin, Straits, 2.World War II, Communism, Realism
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Boğazlar sorunu, Dünya Savaşı II, Komünizm, Realizm, International Relations, Straits problem, Sovyetler Birliği, World War II, Stalin, Joseph, Communism, Realism, Türk dış politikası, Soviet Union, Stalin, Joseph, Türk-Rus ilişkileri, Turkish foreign policy, Uluslararası ilişkiler, Turkish-Russian relations, International relations, Uluslararası politika, International policy
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