Irak'ta ulusal kimlik inşasının başarısızlığı ve IŞİD'in yükselişi
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2024
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Bu tez, Benedict Anderson'un milliyetçilik ve ulus-devletin ortaya çıkışına ilişkin düşüncelerine odaklanmaktadır. Benedict Anderson'ın Hayali Cemaatler 1983 adlı kitabına dayanan bu tez, Irak'ta ulusal kimlik inşasındaki başarısızlığın nedenlerini anlamak için. Irak'ta eşitlik ve vatandaşlığa dayalı birleşik bir siyasi milliyetçilik anlayışının geliştirilememesi, Irak toplumunun farklı etnik gruplara bölünmesine yol açtı. Mezhepsel kimliğin zulmü ve devletin resmi ulusal kimliği haline getirilerek diğer kimlikler üzerinde tahakküm kurulması, Irak'ta farklı nüfusa sahip diğer nüfus gruplarının dışlanmasına ve ötekileştirilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu da yabancılaşmaya tepki olarak isyan hareketlerinin yükselişiyle sonuçlanıyor. Irak'taki IŞİD, fikirlerini aşırılıkçı ve şiddet içeren davranışlarla ifade eden bu isyan hareketleri için tipik bir örneği temsil etmektedir. Bugüne kadar, Irak hala bir dizi sorunla karşı karşıyadır. Iraklılar bölünmüş durumda kalmakta ve ulusal kimlik yoktur. Süregelen çatışmaların yanı sıra, IŞİD tamamen ortadan kaldırılmamıştır ve azınlık bölgeleri Erbil ve Bağdat arasında hala tartışmalıdır, ayrıca Kürtlerin Irak'tan bağımsızlık kazanma çabaları da devam etmektedir. Aynı zamanda, Irak devletine alternatif bir rol üstlenen milislerin yayılması ve yolsuzluk tarafından yıpratılan devlet tarafından yaşanmaktadır.
This thesis focuses on Benedict Anderson's ideas regarding nationalism and the nation-state's emergence. Based on Benedict Anderson's book Imagined Communities 1983, this thesis aims to provide a useful framework to understand the reasons of the national identity-building failure in Iraq. The failure to develop a unified political conception of nationalism based on equality and citizenship in Iraq led to the division of Iraqi society into different ethnic groups. The tyranny of sectarian identity and its dominance over other identities by making it the official national identity of the state causes exclusion and marginalization of the rest of the various population groups in Iraq with a diverse population. It results in the rise of rebellious movements as a response to alienation. ISIS in Iraq represents a case in point for these insurgency movements, which expressed their ideas in extremist and violent behavior. To this day, Iraq continues to grapple with a multitude of challenges. The populace remains fractured, with a notable absence of a cohesive national identity. Concurrently, the nation contends with persistent conflicts, as the eradication of ISIS remains incomplete, and territorial disputes persist, particularly in minority-inhabited regions caught in the crossfire between Erbil and Baghdad. Moreover, the Kurdish population's ongoing endeavors toward secession further compound the nation's internal divisions. Simultaneously, Iraq contends with the proliferation of militias, which assume a quasi authoritative role in lieu of the state, exacerbating the pervasive issue of corruption within governmental institutions.
This thesis focuses on Benedict Anderson's ideas regarding nationalism and the nation-state's emergence. Based on Benedict Anderson's book Imagined Communities 1983, this thesis aims to provide a useful framework to understand the reasons of the national identity-building failure in Iraq. The failure to develop a unified political conception of nationalism based on equality and citizenship in Iraq led to the division of Iraqi society into different ethnic groups. The tyranny of sectarian identity and its dominance over other identities by making it the official national identity of the state causes exclusion and marginalization of the rest of the various population groups in Iraq with a diverse population. It results in the rise of rebellious movements as a response to alienation. ISIS in Iraq represents a case in point for these insurgency movements, which expressed their ideas in extremist and violent behavior. To this day, Iraq continues to grapple with a multitude of challenges. The populace remains fractured, with a notable absence of a cohesive national identity. Concurrently, the nation contends with persistent conflicts, as the eradication of ISIS remains incomplete, and territorial disputes persist, particularly in minority-inhabited regions caught in the crossfire between Erbil and Baghdad. Moreover, the Kurdish population's ongoing endeavors toward secession further compound the nation's internal divisions. Simultaneously, Iraq contends with the proliferation of militias, which assume a quasi authoritative role in lieu of the state, exacerbating the pervasive issue of corruption within governmental institutions.
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Siyasal Bilimler, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Political Science, International Relations
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127