Avrupa'da 'aşırı Sağ' Partilerin Yükselişindeki Göçmen ve Mülteci Hareketleri: Almanya ve Hollanda Örneği
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2019
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Abstract
Dünya siyasetinde yükselişe geçen aşırı sağ partiler ve onun ışığında ortaya çıkan düşünce akımı günümüzde kabul edilen bir gerçektir. Ve bu gerçeklik 'aşırı sağ' söyleminin bir zamanların en güçlü ideolojisi olan faşizmin güncellenmiş hali olduğunda ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada aşırı sağ partilerin ortaya çıkışı, tarihsel hafızası ve özellikle Avrupa siyasetindeki yükselişi Almanya ve Hollanda ülkeleri temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Aşırı sağ kavramının ortaya çıkış sürecindeki ana sebeplerin ve aşırı sağ parti liderlerinin göçmen ve mültecilere karşı kullandığı yabancı karşıtlığı politikaların toplumlar tarafından kolayca kabul edilmesinin altında yer alan ana nedenlerin ortaya çıkarılabilmesi için bu çalışma yapılmıştır. Özellikle göçmen ve mülteci kavramlarının, aşırı sağ üzerindeki etkileri ve belirleyiciliği bu çalışmada etkili olmuştur. Ekonomik gelişmeler, iç savaşlar ve ülkeler arası yer değiştirmenin kolaylaşması gibi sebepler göçmenlik ve mültecilik gibi kavramların günümüzde sıklıkla kullanılmasının önünü açmıştır. Bu çalışma için literatür özenle araştırılmış, daha önce konuyla alakalı yapılan çalışmaların dışında bilime katkı sunabilmek için 'aşırı sağ' kavramının incelenmemiş tarafları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Kavramsal çerçeve, yöntem, bulgular ve sonuç kısımları aslında bu çalışmanın ana temasını oluşturmaktadır. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Aşırı Sağ, Faşizm, Göçmen-Mülteci, Avrupa Siyaseti, Ekonomi,
The emerging far-right political parties and the mindsets stems from them are widely accepted facts at the moment. Hence, this fact clearly shows that the current far-right discourse is an updated version of the old days' fascism, which was the strongest among other things. In this paper, the emergence of the far-right parties, their historical memory and specifically their rise within Europe will be scrutinised by taking into account Germany and the Netherlands. This work is devoted to clarifying the main reasons of the emergence of the concept of far right and the easy public acceptance of the outgoing xenophobic discourse towards the immigrant and the refugee by the far right bannermen. The effect of the concept of immigration and the refugee on the far right idea and its decisiveness affected this work. Economic development, the civil wars and easiness of transnational relocation boosted the often utilisation of the immigration and refugee concepts. The literature was meticulously examined, and the uncharted aspects of the far right concept are attempted to be defined to contribute to the literature. The conceptual framework, methods, outcomes and the conclusion parts constitute the base of this paper. KEYWORDS; Far Right, Fascism, İmmigrant-Refugee, the Europe Politics, Economy, SAMENVATTING De opkomst van de rechtse partijen in de wereldpolitiek is een geaccepteerd feit. Deze realiteit onthult dat het extreemrechtse de sterkste ideologie van deze tijd is en een bijgewerkte versie is van het fascisme. In deze studie worden de opkomst van extreem-rechtse partijen, hun historisch geheugen en vooral de opkomst van de Europese politiek onderzocht op basis van de landen: Duitsland en Nederland. Deze studie is uitgevoerd om de belangrijkste redenen achter de opkomst van het extreem-rechts te achterhalen. Tevens laat deze studie zien hoe de extreem rechtse partijleiders de bevolking beïnvloed door de immigranten en vluchtelingen te gebruiken in hun anti-buitenlandse beleid. De immigranten- en vluchtelingen zijn effectief in dit onderzoek. Economische ontwikkelingen, burgeroorlogen en het gemak van transnationale ontheemding hebben vandaag met regelmaat geleid tot gebruik van de termen zoals immigratie en vluchtelingen. Voor dit onderzoek is de literatuur zorgvuldig onderzocht. Om een bijdrage aan de wetenschap te brengen, is er geprobeerd om de kanten van extreemrechts naar voren te brengen. Het conceptueel kader, de methoden, bevindingen en conclusiedelen vormen het hoofdthema van deze studie. SLEUTELWOORDEN: Extreem Rechts, Fascisme, Migrant-Vluchteling, Europese Politiek, Economie,
The emerging far-right political parties and the mindsets stems from them are widely accepted facts at the moment. Hence, this fact clearly shows that the current far-right discourse is an updated version of the old days' fascism, which was the strongest among other things. In this paper, the emergence of the far-right parties, their historical memory and specifically their rise within Europe will be scrutinised by taking into account Germany and the Netherlands. This work is devoted to clarifying the main reasons of the emergence of the concept of far right and the easy public acceptance of the outgoing xenophobic discourse towards the immigrant and the refugee by the far right bannermen. The effect of the concept of immigration and the refugee on the far right idea and its decisiveness affected this work. Economic development, the civil wars and easiness of transnational relocation boosted the often utilisation of the immigration and refugee concepts. The literature was meticulously examined, and the uncharted aspects of the far right concept are attempted to be defined to contribute to the literature. The conceptual framework, methods, outcomes and the conclusion parts constitute the base of this paper. KEYWORDS; Far Right, Fascism, İmmigrant-Refugee, the Europe Politics, Economy, SAMENVATTING De opkomst van de rechtse partijen in de wereldpolitiek is een geaccepteerd feit. Deze realiteit onthult dat het extreemrechtse de sterkste ideologie van deze tijd is en een bijgewerkte versie is van het fascisme. In deze studie worden de opkomst van extreem-rechtse partijen, hun historisch geheugen en vooral de opkomst van de Europese politiek onderzocht op basis van de landen: Duitsland en Nederland. Deze studie is uitgevoerd om de belangrijkste redenen achter de opkomst van het extreem-rechts te achterhalen. Tevens laat deze studie zien hoe de extreem rechtse partijleiders de bevolking beïnvloed door de immigranten en vluchtelingen te gebruiken in hun anti-buitenlandse beleid. De immigranten- en vluchtelingen zijn effectief in dit onderzoek. Economische ontwikkelingen, burgeroorlogen en het gemak van transnationale ontheemding hebben vandaag met regelmaat geleid tot gebruik van de termen zoals immigratie en vluchtelingen. Voor dit onderzoek is de literatuur zorgvuldig onderzocht. Om een bijdrage aan de wetenschap te brengen, is er geprobeerd om de kanten van extreemrechts naar voren te brengen. Het conceptueel kader, de methoden, bevindingen en conclusiedelen vormen het hoofdthema van deze studie. SLEUTELWOORDEN: Extreem Rechts, Fascisme, Migrant-Vluchteling, Europese Politiek, Economie,
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Siyasal Bilimler, Almanya, Aşırı sağ, Ekonomi, Faşizm, Political Science, Germany, Göçmenler, Far right, Hollanda, Economy, Fascism, Mülteciler, Emigrants, Netherlands, Sağ idealler, Refugees, Siyasi partiler, Right ideals, Political parties, Sosyal hareketler, Social movements
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