Ekonomik büyüme ve savunma harcamalarının doğrusal olmayan birim kök testleriyle analizi: Geçmişten günümüze bir bakış
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2024
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Kamu harcamaları içinde önemli bir kalem olan savunma harcamaları ülkelerin Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasılasının (GSYH) önemli bir oranına sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Savunma harcamalarını ise günümüz koşullarında etkileyen ve değiştiren birçok etken bulunmaktadır. Sosyal etkenlerden teknolojik gelişmelere kadar çeşitlilik arz eden bu değişkenler, Toplam Faktör Verimliliği vasıtasıyla GSYH'yi etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Etkileme sonucunda ise ele alınan ülkelerin savunma harcamasının ABD savunma harcaması ortalamasına yakınsaması durumunda, bu ülkelerin GSYH'sinin de ABD GSYH'sine yakınsadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada ele alınan 83 ülkenin, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) (Stockholm Uluslararası Barış Araştırmaları Enstitüsü)' ve 'The World Bank (WB) (Dünya Bankası)' sitesinden elde edilen 1961-2022 yılları arasındaki yıllık verileri ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiş olup, ülkelerin yakınsama ve ıraksama durumları incelenmiştir. Kullanılan verilerin doğrusal olmaması üzerine, doğrusal olmayan birim kök testlerinden olan LNV testi, KSS testi ve Sollis testlerinin yanısıra Omay testi, SOR testi ve CEO testine yer verilerek yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda 6 ülke hariç ele alınan ülkelerin savunma harcamalarının ABD savunma harcamalarına yakınsadığını; savunma harcamalarının yakınsadığı ülkelerde ise GSYH'nın da yakınsadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
It is known that defense expenditures, which are an important item among public expenditures, have a significant proportion of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries. There are many factors that affect and change defense expenditures in today's conditions. It has been revealed that these variables, which vary from social factors to technological developments, affect GDP through Total Factor Productivity. As a result of the influence, it was concluded that if the defense expenditure of the countries considered converges to the average of the US defense expenditure, the GDP of these countries also converges to the US GDP. Analyzes were carried out with the annual data of the 83 countries included in the study between 1961 and 2022, obtained from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)' and 'The World Bank (WB)' website. The convergence and divergence situations of the countries were examined. Due to the non-linearity of the data used, as a result of the study, which included the LNV test, CSR test and Sollis tests, which are non-linear unit root tests, as well as the Omay test, SOR test and CEO test, the defense expenditures of the countries considered, except for 6 countries, converged to the US defense expenditures; It has been concluded that in countries where defense expenditures converge, GDP also converges.
It is known that defense expenditures, which are an important item among public expenditures, have a significant proportion of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries. There are many factors that affect and change defense expenditures in today's conditions. It has been revealed that these variables, which vary from social factors to technological developments, affect GDP through Total Factor Productivity. As a result of the influence, it was concluded that if the defense expenditure of the countries considered converges to the average of the US defense expenditure, the GDP of these countries also converges to the US GDP. Analyzes were carried out with the annual data of the 83 countries included in the study between 1961 and 2022, obtained from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)' and 'The World Bank (WB)' website. The convergence and divergence situations of the countries were examined. Due to the non-linearity of the data used, as a result of the study, which included the LNV test, CSR test and Sollis tests, which are non-linear unit root tests, as well as the Omay test, SOR test and CEO test, the defense expenditures of the countries considered, except for 6 countries, converged to the US defense expenditures; It has been concluded that in countries where defense expenditures converge, GDP also converges.
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Ekonomi, Economics
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81