Seçmenlerin Oy Verme Davranışına Etki Eden Faktörler: Mamak İlçesi Örneği
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Date
2019
Authors
Özdamar, Hamit
Ülker, Halil İbrahim
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Abstract
Seçmen demografik özelliklerinin oy verme davranışına nasıl bir etki yaptığına yönelik bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak, demokrasi, siyaset, seçim, siyasal parti, seçmen, siyasal tutum ve davranış, siyasal iletişim, siyasal katılım ve siyasal kültür gibi kavramlar üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci olarak ise seçmen davranışlarının kuramsal temelleri olan sosyolojik yaklaşım, ekonomik/rasyonel yaklaşım, sosyo-psikolojik yaklaşım ve stratejik oy verme modeline değinilmiştir. Üçünü olarak ise de cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, eğitim, ideoloji, sosyal çevre ve gruplar, parti programı, ekonominin etkisi, siyasi parti adayı ve lideri, kamuoyu araştırmaları, hizmetlerin etkisi ve kitle iletişim araçları gibi seçmen davranışa etki eden faktörleri incelenmiştir. En son ise yapılan literatür taramasıyla oluşturulan kavramsal çerçeveyle bağlantılı olarak uygulamalı alan araştırması yapılmıştır ve bu konu ile ilgili sonuçlara ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Seçim ve seçmen kavramlarının siyasette yer almalarının ardından partilerin seçmenlerinin rızası ile iktidarı ele geçirecek olmaları sonucu siyasal partiler seçmenlere yönelik değişik faaliyetlerinde bulunmaya başlamışlardır. Siyasal partiler bu aksiyonlarda bulunurlarken seçmene ulaşabilmek için çok değişik araçlar kullanmaktadır. Bu araçların seçmenlerin demografik özelliklerine göre etkisinin ne kadar değiştiği sorusu araştırmamızın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Düzenlenen anket ile önce seçmenlerin demografik özellikleri ortaya çıkarılmış ve bu özelliklerdeki seçmenlerin farklı değerlerden etkilenmelerinin farklı olup olmadığı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan anket ile başta seçmenlerin demografik özellikleri bulunmuş ve bu özelliklerdeki seçmenlerin hangi değer gruplardan etkilenip etkilenmedikleri bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan bu araştırma 411 kişiyle 2 Ocak-15 Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında yapılan anket sonucunda demografik özellikleri değişen seçmenlerin oy verme davranışının da değiştiği görülmüştür. Yapılan politikalar, siyasi parti liderinin, adayının ve programı, aile, arkadaş çevresi, medya, sosyal sorumluluk gibi etmenler seçmenlerin demografik özelliklerine göre farklı şekilde ettiği görülmüştür.
It is a research study on the effect of voter demographic characteristics on voting behavior. Firstly, the concepts of democracy, politics, election, political party, voter, political attitude and behavior, political communication, political participation and political culture are emphasized. Secondly, sociological approach, economic / rational approach, socio-psychological approach and strategic voting model are discussed. As a third, gender, age, occupation, education, ideology, social environment and groups, party program, the impact of the economy, the candidate and the leader of the political party, the effects of public opinion, the impact of the services and the factors affecting the voter behavior such as mass media were examined. Finally, a practical field study was conducted in connection with the conceptual framework created by the literature review and the results related to this subject were tried to be reached. After the election and voter concepts were included in the politics, the political parties started to have different activities for the voters as the parties won the power with the consent of their voters. Political parties use many different means to reach voters when they are involved in these actions. The focus of our research is on the question of how the impact of these instruments on the demographic characteristics of voters has changed. With the survey, the demographic characteristics of the voters were first revealed and it was tried to determine whether or not the voters in these characteristics were affected by different values. Demographic characteristics of the voters were found by the questionnaire and it was tried to find out whether or not the voters were affected by the groups. As a result of the survey conducted with 411 people between January 2 and March 15, 2019, it was seen that the voting behavior of the voters who changed their demographic characteristics also changed. It was seen that the policies, political party leader, candidate and the program, family, friends, media and social responsibility differ according to the demographic characteristics of the voters.
It is a research study on the effect of voter demographic characteristics on voting behavior. Firstly, the concepts of democracy, politics, election, political party, voter, political attitude and behavior, political communication, political participation and political culture are emphasized. Secondly, sociological approach, economic / rational approach, socio-psychological approach and strategic voting model are discussed. As a third, gender, age, occupation, education, ideology, social environment and groups, party program, the impact of the economy, the candidate and the leader of the political party, the effects of public opinion, the impact of the services and the factors affecting the voter behavior such as mass media were examined. Finally, a practical field study was conducted in connection with the conceptual framework created by the literature review and the results related to this subject were tried to be reached. After the election and voter concepts were included in the politics, the political parties started to have different activities for the voters as the parties won the power with the consent of their voters. Political parties use many different means to reach voters when they are involved in these actions. The focus of our research is on the question of how the impact of these instruments on the demographic characteristics of voters has changed. With the survey, the demographic characteristics of the voters were first revealed and it was tried to determine whether or not the voters in these characteristics were affected by different values. Demographic characteristics of the voters were found by the questionnaire and it was tried to find out whether or not the voters were affected by the groups. As a result of the survey conducted with 411 people between January 2 and March 15, 2019, it was seen that the voting behavior of the voters who changed their demographic characteristics also changed. It was seen that the policies, political party leader, candidate and the program, family, friends, media and social responsibility differ according to the demographic characteristics of the voters.
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Keywords
Siyasal Bilimler, Ankara-Mamak, Demografik özellikler, Political Science, Oy kullanma, Ankara-Mamak, Demographic characteristics, Seçmen davranışı, Voting use, Seçmenler, Voter behaviour, Voters, Yerel siyaset, Local politics
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208