Suriye iç savaşı bağlamında Rusya-Suriye ilişkileri ve Rus-Amerikan rekabeti üzerindeki etkileri
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Date
2020
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Orta Doğu bölgesi Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın sona ermesinden bu yana bazı anlaşmazlıklardan muzdariptir. Özellikle siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri istikrarsızlıklarla ilgili konular o zamandan beri hiç çözülememiştir. Suriye, Ortadoğu'nun önemli ve karmaşık devletlerinden biridir. Bu tezde, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak Suriye'nin tarihsel ve mevcut durumundan kaynaklanan sorular cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu nedenle Suriye'nin Rusya için neden önemli olduğu, Rusya'nın Suriye konusundaki çıkarları, Rusya ve ABD'nin Suriye konusunda neden farklı yollar izlediği ve her iki tarafın rekabetinin neden Soğuk Savaş 2.0'a dönüştüğü de bu çalışmanın sorularıdır. 1946'dan bu yana Suriye, derin iç meseleler ve uluslararası ilişkilerde sıkıntılı bir süreçten geçmiştir. İç meselelerde siyasi rekabet ve İsrail ile tarihten gelen düşmanlık, Soğuk Savaş döneminde büyük bir zorluğa neden olmuştur. Suriye'nin çok etnik ve çok mezhepli yapısı nedeniyle Hafez Assad döneminden başlayarak mezhep meseleleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Babasının halefi olan Bashar Assad da benzer sıkıntı ve sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği'nin halefi Rusya Federasyonu ile de Sovyetler Birliği ile gelen köklü tarihsel bağlar devam etmiştir. Suriye İç Savaşı başladığında Rusya, Assad Rejimi lehine hızla yanıt vermiştir. Aynı zamanda, ABD'nin, özellikle 11 Eylül'den sonra, Orta Doğu politikalarındaki başarısızlığı, Orta Doğu bölgesindeki terörist faaliyetlerini ortaya çıkarmış ve dünyanın geri kalanına yayılmıştır. Rusya Devlet Başkanı Putin'in Orta Doğu ve Doğu Akdeniz bölgesindeki uzun vadeli hedefleri taraflar arasında büyük bir rekabete yol açmıştır. Rusya ve ABD, bu rekabete katılan vekilleri ile Orta Doğu bölgesinde bir güç haline gelme konusunda çatışmasıyla, Suriye'nin sonsuz iç istikrarsızlıkları yeni bir duruma yol açmıştır. Bu durum yeni bir Soğuk Savaşı göstermekte ve egemen taraflar arasında 'Soğuk Savaş 2.0' olarak telaffuz edilmektedir.
The Middle East region has suffering from certain disputes since the end of the WWI. Issues related with political, economic and military instabilities, in particular, have never been settled since then. Syria is one of the crucial and complex states of the Middle East. In this thesis, by using the qualitative research method, the questions arising from the historical and the current situation of the Syria are tried to be answered. Therefore, why Syria is important for Russia, what are the Russia's interests in Syria, why Russia and the US are following different pathways over Syria, and why both parties' rivalry has turned into Cold War 2.0 are the inquiries of the current study. Since independence from 1946, Syria has been through the deep domestic issues and uneasy international relations. Political rivalries on the domestic matters and historical hostility with Israel have been a great challenge in the Cold War period. Due to multi-ethnic and multi-sect structure of Syria and beginning from the Hafez Assad period, sectarian issues have emerged. Bashar Assad, as successor of his father, has been facing the similar troubles and issues. Rooted historical close ties with Soviet Union and Syria has continued with Soviet Union's successor, Russian Federation. When Syrian Civil War has emerged, Russia has quickly responded in favor of the Assad Regime. At the same time, failure of US on the Middle East policies, particularly after 9/11, the terrorist activities in the Middle East region have emerged and spread to the rest of the world. Russia's President Putin's long-term objectives in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean region have become great rivalry between parties. Russia and US conflicts in becoming a power in Middle East region, the proxies participating in this rivalry and the endless domestic instabilities of Syria brought about a new situation. This situation is indicating a new Cold War and pronounced as 'Cold War 2.0' between the parties in dominance.
The Middle East region has suffering from certain disputes since the end of the WWI. Issues related with political, economic and military instabilities, in particular, have never been settled since then. Syria is one of the crucial and complex states of the Middle East. In this thesis, by using the qualitative research method, the questions arising from the historical and the current situation of the Syria are tried to be answered. Therefore, why Syria is important for Russia, what are the Russia's interests in Syria, why Russia and the US are following different pathways over Syria, and why both parties' rivalry has turned into Cold War 2.0 are the inquiries of the current study. Since independence from 1946, Syria has been through the deep domestic issues and uneasy international relations. Political rivalries on the domestic matters and historical hostility with Israel have been a great challenge in the Cold War period. Due to multi-ethnic and multi-sect structure of Syria and beginning from the Hafez Assad period, sectarian issues have emerged. Bashar Assad, as successor of his father, has been facing the similar troubles and issues. Rooted historical close ties with Soviet Union and Syria has continued with Soviet Union's successor, Russian Federation. When Syrian Civil War has emerged, Russia has quickly responded in favor of the Assad Regime. At the same time, failure of US on the Middle East policies, particularly after 9/11, the terrorist activities in the Middle East region have emerged and spread to the rest of the world. Russia's President Putin's long-term objectives in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean region have become great rivalry between parties. Russia and US conflicts in becoming a power in Middle East region, the proxies participating in this rivalry and the endless domestic instabilities of Syria brought about a new situation. This situation is indicating a new Cold War and pronounced as 'Cold War 2.0' between the parties in dominance.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Rusya, International Relations, Suriye, United States of America, Russia, Uluslararası ilişkiler, Syria, Uluslararası rekabet, International relations, International competition, İç savaş, Civil war
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93