İhracat bariyerleri ve Libya'da küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin ihracat kapasitesini azaltmadaki rolleri
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2019
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Abstract
Operasyonları uluslararası çapta genişletme kararı alırken, bir iç pazarda belirli bir şirketin karşılaştığı çeşitli riskler ve zorluklar var. Operasyonların genişletilmesi süreci uluslararasılaşma olarak bilinirken, dış pazarlara erişimi engelleyen engeller ihracat engelleri olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, uluslararasılaşma sürecinde zorluklarını anlamak için Libyalı KOBİ'lerin ve ihracatçıların karşılaştığı ihracat engellerini tespit etmektir. İhracat engelleri ve literatürden gözden geçirilen uluslararasılaşma modellerine dayanan bir anket tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan anket, Libya'nın ihracat ve ithalat otoritesine kayıtlı iki yüz elli dokuz ihracatçı firmaya dağıtılmıştır. Yüz yirmi bir anket Cronbach'ın 0.956'nın alfa seviyesine ulaştı. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Libya'daki KOBİ'ler için yıllık satış hacimlerinde ve yıllık ihracat hacimlerinde önemli farklar getiren on dokuz ihracat engelinin bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, onyedi ihracat engelleri, Libya şirketleri arasında farklı uluslararasılaşma aşamalarında önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Her üç uluslararasılaştırma aşamasındaki şirketler için en önemli üç engel, şirketler açısından önem derecelerine göre sıralanmaktadır. Kesin sonuçlar, Libyalı KOBİ'lerin karşılaştığı en önemli ihracat engellerinin yerel hükümet desteği, döviz istikrarsızlığı ve uluslararası kalite standartlarını karşılama ile ilgili olduğunu gösteriyor. Anahtar Sözcükler Uluslararasılaşma, İhracat engelleri, Libya, KOBİ'ler
There are several risks and challenges that face any given company in a domestic market when taking the decision to expand the operations internationally. The process of expanding the operations is known as internationalization, while the obstacles that hinder the access to foreign markets are known as export barriers. The main aim of this study is to identify the export barriers that are facing Libyan SMEs and exporters in order to understand their challenges during the internationalization process. A questionnaire was designed based on the export barriers and internationalization models reviewed from the literature. The designed questionnaire was distributed on the two hundred fifty-nine exporting companies registered with the exportation and importation authority of Libya. One-hundred and twenty-one questionnaire were qualified, achieving a Cronbach's alpha of 0.956. The results of the study show that there are nineteen export barriers that impose significant difference in annual sales volumes and annual exportation volumes for the Libyan SMEs. Moreover, seventeen export barriers showed significant differences between the Libyan companies at the different internationalization stages. The top three barriers are ranked according to their importance to the companies at each internationalization stage. the final results show that the most important export barriers facing Libyan SMEs are related to domestic government support, foreign currency instability and meeting international quality standards. Keywords Internationalization, Export barriers, Libya, SMEs
There are several risks and challenges that face any given company in a domestic market when taking the decision to expand the operations internationally. The process of expanding the operations is known as internationalization, while the obstacles that hinder the access to foreign markets are known as export barriers. The main aim of this study is to identify the export barriers that are facing Libyan SMEs and exporters in order to understand their challenges during the internationalization process. A questionnaire was designed based on the export barriers and internationalization models reviewed from the literature. The designed questionnaire was distributed on the two hundred fifty-nine exporting companies registered with the exportation and importation authority of Libya. One-hundred and twenty-one questionnaire were qualified, achieving a Cronbach's alpha of 0.956. The results of the study show that there are nineteen export barriers that impose significant difference in annual sales volumes and annual exportation volumes for the Libyan SMEs. Moreover, seventeen export barriers showed significant differences between the Libyan companies at the different internationalization stages. The top three barriers are ranked according to their importance to the companies at each internationalization stage. the final results show that the most important export barriers facing Libyan SMEs are related to domestic government support, foreign currency instability and meeting international quality standards. Keywords Internationalization, Export barriers, Libya, SMEs
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İşletme, KOBİ, Libya, Business Administration, Small and Medium Sized Firms, Uluslararası pazarlama, Libya, İhracat, International marketing, Export, İhracat engelleri, Export barriers
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