Totalitarizmin William Golding'in Sineklerin Tanrısı, George Orwell'in Hayvan Çiftliği ve Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört Romanlarına Yansıyan Etkileri
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2015
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Bu çalışma, William Golding'in Sineklerin Tanrısı (1953), George Orwell'in Hayvan Çiftliği (1945) ve Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört (1949) romanlarını ele alarak, totalitarizmin gelişimini ve bireyi insani değerlerinden uzaklaştırma ve toplumda huzursuzluğa yol açma gibi toplumun birliğini bozan zarar verici etkilerini üç temel safhada incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yirminci Yüzyılda var olan Totalitarizm ile Faşizm 1922-1975 dönemine sığdırılabilir. Bu dönem Mussolini ile başlar, Hitler ve Stalin ile devam eder, ve en son Franco'nun ölümüyle sonlanır. Bu diktatörlerden Mussolini, Hitler ve Franco hem faşist hem de totaliter olarak kabul edilirken, Stalin ise sadece totaliter lider olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu diktatörler Totalitarizmi halkın üzerinde benzer ideallerini ve güçlerini kullanarak, fikir aşılama ve manipülasyon yöntemleriyle korku ve terör yayarak kendi menfaatlerine yönelik mutlak ve merkezi bir kontrol sağlayan, yıkımdan başka hiçbir şeye yaramayan ya da ideallerin kaybolmasına neden olan bir yönetim şekli olarak tanıttılar. Bu dönemde, bireyler her yönüyle ifade ve düşünce özgürlüklerinden mahrum bırakılarak insanı değerlerinden uzaklaştırılmış ve 'halk için devlet' olan kavram, kendi menfaatlerine hizmet eden yasaklar koymak ya da baskı kurmak için 'devlet için halk' kavramı olarak değiştirilmiştir. Bu dönemde, huzur vaat eden idealler, yönetimi ele geçirmek için suistimal edilmiş, totaliter yönetimi güvence altına almak için terör ve korku ortamı yaratılmış, milyonlarca kişinin ölümüne sebep olunmuştur. Bu romanlarda, William Golding ve George Orwell Yirminci Yüzyıl totalitarizmine dayanarak Totalitarizmin nasıl kurulduğunu, korku, manipülasyon ve terörle nasıl devam ettirildiğini sert bir dille eleştirmişlerdir. Bu çalışma, bir giriş, beş ana bölüm ve bir de sonuç bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde, eleştirmenlerin görüşleri ışığında Totalitarizmin yirminci yüzyıl İngiliz romanındaki yeri incelenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler:Totaliter karşıtı edebiyat, Totalitarizm, Faşizm, Distopya, Kapitalism
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the development of totalitarianism and its detrimental effects like dehumanisation and social unrest that shatters the unity of society in three basic forms as reflected in William Golding's Lord of the Flies (1953), George Orwell's Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Totalitarianism, together with 'Fascism', in the twentieth century can be confined to the period between 1922 and 1975. It starts with Mussolini; is followed by Hitler and Stalin, then ends with the death of Franco. Of these dictators, while Mussolini, Hitler and Franco are regarded as both fascist and totalitarian, Stalin is accepted as just a totalitarian leader. 'Totalitarianism' was described as a form of government that exerts absolute and centralised control over the all aspects of its citizens through the abuse of power and ideals; manipulation and indoctrination; fear and terror to bring about nothing than destruction, or loss of ideals. It was during this period that individuals were dehumanised totally by being deprived of freedom of speech and thought in every aspect, and the concept of a state 'a state for its citizens' was changed as 'citizens for the state' to impose restrictions or bans for their interests. It was during the rule of totalitarians that all ideals promising peace were abused to claim the rule, terror and fear factors were resorted to secure a totalitarian at the expense of millions of deaths. In these novels, William Golding and George Orwell criticise how totalitarianism is established, and maintained by fear, manipulation and terror in the twentieth century. This thesis consists of an introduction, five main chapters and a conclusion. In the introductory chapter the scope of 'Totalitarianism' in twentieth century English novel has been examined in the light of the views of critics. Key Words: Anti-totalitarian literature, Totalitarianism, Fascism, Dystopia, Capitalism
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the development of totalitarianism and its detrimental effects like dehumanisation and social unrest that shatters the unity of society in three basic forms as reflected in William Golding's Lord of the Flies (1953), George Orwell's Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Totalitarianism, together with 'Fascism', in the twentieth century can be confined to the period between 1922 and 1975. It starts with Mussolini; is followed by Hitler and Stalin, then ends with the death of Franco. Of these dictators, while Mussolini, Hitler and Franco are regarded as both fascist and totalitarian, Stalin is accepted as just a totalitarian leader. 'Totalitarianism' was described as a form of government that exerts absolute and centralised control over the all aspects of its citizens through the abuse of power and ideals; manipulation and indoctrination; fear and terror to bring about nothing than destruction, or loss of ideals. It was during this period that individuals were dehumanised totally by being deprived of freedom of speech and thought in every aspect, and the concept of a state 'a state for its citizens' was changed as 'citizens for the state' to impose restrictions or bans for their interests. It was during the rule of totalitarians that all ideals promising peace were abused to claim the rule, terror and fear factors were resorted to secure a totalitarian at the expense of millions of deaths. In these novels, William Golding and George Orwell criticise how totalitarianism is established, and maintained by fear, manipulation and terror in the twentieth century. This thesis consists of an introduction, five main chapters and a conclusion. In the introductory chapter the scope of 'Totalitarianism' in twentieth century English novel has been examined in the light of the views of critics. Key Words: Anti-totalitarian literature, Totalitarianism, Fascism, Dystopia, Capitalism
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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Edebiyat, Golding, William, English Linguistics and Literature, Orwell, George, Literature, Golding, William, Roman, Orwell, George, Totaliterizm, Novel, Totalitarism, İngiliz edebiyatı, English literature
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223