Organizasyonlar için stratejik plan ölçme ve değerlendirme (SÖDA) aracı
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Date
2017
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Stratejik yönetim için kurumsal performans değerlendirme iş dünyasını zorlayan bir kavram olmuştur. Zamanla birçok performans ölçüm tekniği geliştirilmiş ve stratejik düzeyde performansı ölçmede kullanılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaç için geliştirilmiş bazı model ve metodolojiler mevcuttur. Bunlar arasında 1992'de Kaplan ve Norton tarafından geliştirilen ve popüler bir yaklaşım haline gelen Kurumsal Karne (Balanced Scorecard-BSC) yaklaşımı diğerleri ile kıyaslandığında başarılı olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Tüm bu metotların en büyük zaafı operasyonel seviyede tanımlanan performans kriterlerinin stratejik plan hiyerarşisinin en tepesine nasıl yansıtılması gerektiği ile ilgili net çözümler üretememesidir. Uygulamaların çoğunda ortak olarak görülen firmaya uygun çözüm paketi yerine, firma kısıtlarının çözüm paketine uzman desteğiyle uyarlanmaya çalışılmasıdır ki, bu da var olan stratejik planların yeniden hazırlanması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada önceliklendirme yöntemi olarak Saaty skalasından ve operasyonel seviyedeki ölçütlerin bir üst kategoriye yansıtılmasında Basit Toplamlı Ağırlıklandırma Yöntemi'nden yararlanılarak bir metodoloji geliştirilmiştir. Bu metodolojiye Basit Çok Ölçütlü Derecelendirme Tekniği yöntemi de eklenerek, 'Stratejik-plan Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Sistemi' SMET (Strategic-plan Measurement and Evaluation Tool) adı verilen bir karar destek sistem yazılımı geliştirilmiştir. SMET ile bir organizasyonun stratejik planını kriterler arası çeşitli önceliklendirmeler kullanarak ölçmek ve değerlendirmek mümkündür. Mevcut stratejik planını SMET'de tanımlayan bir organizasyon gerçekleşen ve hedeflenen performans göstergelerini girerek, sistemde bulunan beş farklı önceliklendirme yöntemine (puanlandırma, sıralama, ikili kıyaslama, ağırlıklı ikili kıyaslama ve kullanıcının kendi seçimi) göre saniyeler içerisinde firmanın stratejik planının gerçekleşme oranını hesaplayabilecektir.
The corporate level performance evaluation for strategic management has become a challenge for business world. Over time, many performance measurement techniques have been developed and used to measure strategic level performance. There are some models and methodologies developed for this purpose. An outstanding approach, Balanced Scorecard (BSC), developed by Kaplan and Norton in 1992, has become popular and has been successful in comparison to others. The primary weakness of all these methods is not to offer clear answers about how the performance criteria defined at the operational level should be reflected to the top of strategic plan's hierarchy. What is common in most implementations is to adjust the company constraints to make them suitable with the solution tool with the help of expert and technical support instead of tayloring the solution tool to company needs. This would mean the renewal of the strategic plan of the company disregarding the older one and hence an unpreferable option in most cases. In this study, a methodology was developed by using Saaty scale for prioritization and Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW) in reflecting the upper level categorization of operational level. With the addition of Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method to this methodology, a novel decision support system software, called SMET (Strategic-plan Measurement and Evaluation Tool) has been developed. An organization which prepares a strategic plan may measure and evaluate its success ratio to satisfy all its objectives and aims with different set of priorities by providing actual and ideal performance indicators using SMET. An organization which identifies its current strategic plan in SMET will be able to calculate the realization ratio of the firm's strategic plan within seconds based on the five different prioritization methods in the system (scoring, ranking, pairwise comparison, weighted pair-wise comparison and user's own choice).
The corporate level performance evaluation for strategic management has become a challenge for business world. Over time, many performance measurement techniques have been developed and used to measure strategic level performance. There are some models and methodologies developed for this purpose. An outstanding approach, Balanced Scorecard (BSC), developed by Kaplan and Norton in 1992, has become popular and has been successful in comparison to others. The primary weakness of all these methods is not to offer clear answers about how the performance criteria defined at the operational level should be reflected to the top of strategic plan's hierarchy. What is common in most implementations is to adjust the company constraints to make them suitable with the solution tool with the help of expert and technical support instead of tayloring the solution tool to company needs. This would mean the renewal of the strategic plan of the company disregarding the older one and hence an unpreferable option in most cases. In this study, a methodology was developed by using Saaty scale for prioritization and Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW) in reflecting the upper level categorization of operational level. With the addition of Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method to this methodology, a novel decision support system software, called SMET (Strategic-plan Measurement and Evaluation Tool) has been developed. An organization which prepares a strategic plan may measure and evaluate its success ratio to satisfy all its objectives and aims with different set of priorities by providing actual and ideal performance indicators using SMET. An organization which identifies its current strategic plan in SMET will be able to calculate the realization ratio of the firm's strategic plan within seconds based on the five different prioritization methods in the system (scoring, ranking, pairwise comparison, weighted pair-wise comparison and user's own choice).
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Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
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169