Hukuki yönleri ile paya dayalı kitle fonlaması

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2022

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Law
(2003)
Started in 2003 with 21 students, the Atılım University School of Law has so far graduated over 1700 students, and currently offers education for more than 1300 students. With the aim stressed by our Founding Dean Prof. Dr. Nami Çağan, we grant students with the background that allows them to access and evaluate information, rather than overloading them with information dumps during our education and training in the field of law. With a curriculum prepared with this approach and our mission in mind, we aim to graduate our students as actual legal experts who have internalized ethical rules, who are knowledgeable in terms of rules and institutions; and who are cultured, versatile, broad-visioned and inquisitive. In addition to basic courses in law conducted by our academic staff as pioneers of their field with respect to these principles, elective courses are available pursuant to current events such as those in mediation for legal disagreements, law and women, sports law, informatics law, media law and legal English; as well as law clinics to offer effective and interactive education. In addition, graduate and doctorate degree programs, alongside certificate programs such as those to train experts, peace-makers, mediators, and trustees in composition, are underway. A member of the European Law Faculties Association (ELFA), our School offers international relations and events, the Erasmus+ program, national and international fictional court contests, law and art days prepared by our student networks, or career forums in law to collaborate in the personal development of our students.

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Tezin ilk bölümünde kitle fonlaması kurumuna genel olarak değinilmiş, tanımı yapılmış, tarihsel gelişimi incelenmiş ve olumlu olumsuz yanlarından bahsedilmiştir. Bu bölümde kitle fonlaması proje veya girişime mali kaynak sağlamak amacıyla birden çok kişiden internet aracılığıyla belli bir miktar para toplama işlemi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yine aynı bölümde kitle fonlamasının temel olarak üç taraftan meydana geldiği ifade edilmiştir. Bunlar; mali gücü yerinde olmayan sonradan şirket haline gelecek gerçek kişi girişimci veya doğrudan girişim şirketi, maddi destekte bulunacak yatırımcı ve bu ikisi arasında faaliyet gösterecek olan kitle fonlama platformlarıdır. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında kitle fonlamasının doğum yeri kabul edilen ABD hukuku üzerinde çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bu çerçevede, ABD hukukundaki sermaye piyasası mevzuatı düzenlemeleri dikkate alınarak paya dayalı kitle fonlamasının işlevselliği, tarafların birbirleri aralarındaki ilişkileri, tarafların uymaları gereken yükümlülükleri, tarafların kampanya sürecinde nasıl hareket etmeleri gerektiğine ilişkin hususlar incelenmiştir. Tez çalışmasının en son bölümünde ise paya dayalı kitle fonlaması kurumu Türk ticaret hukuku ve sermaye piyasası hukuku kapsamında ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Paya dayalı kitle fonlaması sermaye piyasası aracı olarak kabul edilmekte olup SePK ile düzenlenmiş ve diğer sermaye piyasası araçlarına göre çeşitli istisnalara tabi tutulmuştur. Ancak paya dayalı kitle fonlamasına ilişkin kanuni bir düzenleme mevcut olmayıp kanunun tanıdığı yetki çerçevesinde SPK tarafından biri mülga olmak üzere iki adet yayımlanmış Tebliğ bulunmaktadır. Bunlar mülga Paya Dayalı Kitle Fonlaması Tebliği (III-35/A.1) ve meri Paya Dayalı Kitle Fonlaması Tebliği (III-35/A.2) düzenlemeleridir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde yeri geldiğinde mülga III-35/A.1 sayılı Tebliğ hükümlerine atıf yapılmış ve mülga Tebliğ düzenlemeleri ile meri III-35/A.2 sayılı Tebliğ düzenlemeleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tezin en son kısmında ise tarafların birbirleri ile olan kapsamlı ilişkileri nedeniyle taraflar arasındaki hukuki ilişkiler ve tarafların sorumlulukları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
In the first part of the thesis, the crowdfunding institution has been mentioned in general, its definition has been made, its historical development has been examined, and its positive and negative aspects have been mentioned. In this section, crowdfunding is defined as the process of collecting a certain amount of money from more than one person via the Internet in order to provide financial resources for a project or venture. In the same section, it is stated that crowdfunding basically consists of three sides. These are the real person entrepreneur who will later become a company who are financially incapable or direct venture company, the investor who will provide financial support, and the crowdfunding platforms that will operate between these two. In the second part of the study, a study was conducted on the US law, which is considered the birthplace of crowdfunding, and the functionality of share-based crowdfunding, the relations between the parties, the obligations that the parties must comply with, and how the parties should act during the campaign process were examined, taking into account the capital market legislation regulations in the US law. In the last part of the thesis, the equity-based crowdfunding institution has been tried to be discussed within the scope of Turkish commercial law and capital market law. Share-based crowdfunding is accepted as a capital market instrument and is regulated with the SePK and is subject to various exceptions compared to other capital market instruments. There are two published regulations by the SPK one of which is abolished the other is in force within the framework of the authority granted by the law. These are the abolished regulation on Share-Based Crowdfunding (III-35/A.1) and the current Share-Based Crowdfunding regulation (III-35/A.2). In the last part of the study, when necessary, the provisions of the abolished regulation III-35/A.1 were referred and the regulations of the abolished regulation and the regulations of the old regulation III-35/A.2 were tried to be examined. In the last part of the thesis, due to the extensive relations between the parties, the legal relations between the parties and the responsibilities of the parties have been tried to be explained.

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Hukuk, Amerikan hukuku, Kitlesel fonlama, Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu, Law, American law, Sermaye piyasası, Crowdfunding, Capital Market Law, Ticaret hukuku, Capital market, Türk hukuku, Commercial law, Turkish law, Türk ticaret hukuku, Turkish commercial law

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145