Küreselleşme Etkisinde Türk Dış Politikasında Eğilimler: Avrupa Mı, Avrasya Mı, Orta Asya Mı?
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2007
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Küresellesme beraberinde bölgesellesmeyi, gruplasmayı getirmistir. Bölgesellesmenin en basarılı örnegi Avrupa Birligi (AB)'dir. Türkiye 1963 Ankara Antlasması ile baslayan süreçle AB'ye katılmayı hedeflemistir. Ancak Komünizm tehlikesi ortadan kalktıktan sonra, AB Türkiye'ye bakısında kendi arasında ikiye bölünmüstür. Muhafazakâr olan grup; sınırları belirli bir Avrupa'yı desteklemekte, kültürel ve dinsel farklılıkları vurgulayarak Türkiye'nin Birlige katılımına karsı çıkmaktadırlar. Evrensel Avrupa'yı savunan, liberal düsünceli diger grup ise; Avrupa'nın küresellesme ile daha iyi bas edebilmesi, medeniyetler arasında uyuma olumlu katkıda bulunulabilmesi ve belki de en önemlisi, gelecekteki güvenlik gereksinimlerini en etkin sekilde karsılayabilmesi için Türkiye'ye ihtiyaç duyup, üyeligini desteklemektedir. Müzakerelerin çok uzun sürebilecegi, üyelikle sonuçlanamayabilecegi, imtiyazlı ortaklık teklifi gibi karısık mesajlar ile Türkiye'nin iç güvenligini dogrudan ilgilendiren konulardaki karsılıklı uyusmazlıklar ve Kıbrıs, Türkiye-AB iliskilerinin gelecegini belirsizlestirmektedir. Türkiye için alternatif politikalar Sovyetler Birligi'nin çöküsü ile ortaya çıkmıstır. Bunlar Avrasyacılık ve Orta Asyacılık olarak genellenebilir. Türkiye'nin yeniden pasif ortaklıga adaylıgı anlamına gelecek Avrasyacılık fikrini ikinci plana iterek, Orta Asya devletleri ile olan isbirligini somutlastıracak adımları atmasının, kendisini küresellesmenin gelecekte yaratacagı ortama, siyasi, ekonomik ve güvenlik açısından daha hazır hale getirebilecegi degerlendirilmektedir.
Globalism brought in regionalism and grouping with itself. European Union (EU) can be attributed as the most successful example of regionalism. Through the period started with Ankara agreement signed in 1963, Turkey aimed to join EU. However, after communism threat disappeared, view of EU towards membership of Turkey was splitted into two sides: The conservative group supports a Europe with well defined borders; puts emphasis on cultural and religious differences between Europe and Turkey and therefore rejects membership of Turkey. On the other hand, the group supporting a universal and liberal Europe supports membership of Turkey which they think can help to: improve Europe?s rivalry against globalism, contribute to harmony between civilizations and perhaps most vitally support future security requirements of Europe. The ideas that: negotiations between Turkey and EU about membership of Turkey can span through a very long time, may not result in membership of Turkey, confusing messages resulting from offers about privileged partnership instead of full membership together with disagreements on topics that directly influence internal security concerns of Turkey and Cyprus, create uncertainties in the future of EU-Turkey relations. In this situation, alternatives for Turkish foreign policy came up with the collapse of Soviet Union. These can be generalized as Eurasianism and Central Asianism. Turkey should initiate practical steps of cooperation with Central Asian countries to get ready for future political, economic and security concerns of globalism and push back Eurasianism idea which would again make it as a candidate for passive partnership.
Globalism brought in regionalism and grouping with itself. European Union (EU) can be attributed as the most successful example of regionalism. Through the period started with Ankara agreement signed in 1963, Turkey aimed to join EU. However, after communism threat disappeared, view of EU towards membership of Turkey was splitted into two sides: The conservative group supports a Europe with well defined borders; puts emphasis on cultural and religious differences between Europe and Turkey and therefore rejects membership of Turkey. On the other hand, the group supporting a universal and liberal Europe supports membership of Turkey which they think can help to: improve Europe?s rivalry against globalism, contribute to harmony between civilizations and perhaps most vitally support future security requirements of Europe. The ideas that: negotiations between Turkey and EU about membership of Turkey can span through a very long time, may not result in membership of Turkey, confusing messages resulting from offers about privileged partnership instead of full membership together with disagreements on topics that directly influence internal security concerns of Turkey and Cyprus, create uncertainties in the future of EU-Turkey relations. In this situation, alternatives for Turkish foreign policy came up with the collapse of Soviet Union. These can be generalized as Eurasianism and Central Asianism. Turkey should initiate practical steps of cooperation with Central Asian countries to get ready for future political, economic and security concerns of globalism and push back Eurasianism idea which would again make it as a candidate for passive partnership.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
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170