Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü ve Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi bağlamında Rusya-Çin işbirliği
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2024
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Soğuk Savaş sonrası kurulan yeni dünya düzeninde ABD'nin Orta Asya bölgesinde askeri, siyasi ve ekonomi alanında hegemonya kurma çabaları Rusya ve Çin'in tepkisine neden olmuştur. Rusya ve Çin'in hassas noktası olan Orta Asya bölgesinde ABD'nin söz sahibi olacağı endişesi iki aktörü ortak paydada buluşturmuştur.İki ülkenin de ortak hedefi ABD'nin tek kutuplu sistemine karşı çok kutuplu sistemin ön plana çıkarılmasıdır. Ancak Rusya ve Çin,Orta Asya ülkelerinin desteği olmadan uluslararası sistemde çok kutuplu sistemi hayata geçiremeyeceklerinin bilincindedir. Bu bağlamda SSCB dağılması sonrası Orta Asya'da oluşan güç boşluğunu doldurmak isteyen ABD'ye karşı Rusya ve Çin işbirliği sürecine girmiş ve Orta Asya ülkelerini de bu işbirliği sürecinin içine alarak Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü'nü (ŞİÖ) kurmuşlardır. Böylece ABD'nin tek kutuplu sistemine karşı bir duruş sergileyen ŞİÖ, Rusya-Çin işbirliğinin ilk somut adımı olmuştur. ABD'nin tek kutuplu sistemine karşı duran yükselen güç Çin'in ekonomik kalkınma projesi olarak ortaya attığı Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi (KYG) ise Rusya'nın desteği ile ABD'ye karşı durdukları Rusya-Çin işbirliğinin ikinci somut adımı olmuştur. Soğuk Savaş sonrası Rusya-Çin işbirliğine odaklanan bu çalışma ŞİÖ ve KYG'nin ABD'yi dengeleyen ve çok kutuplu sistemin hayata geçirilmesi için uygun zemini hazırlayan iki araç olarak kullanıldığını ileri sürmektedir.
In the new world order established after the Cold War, the USA's efforts to establish hegemony in the military, political and economic fields in the Central Asian region caused the reaction of Russia and China. The concern that the USA will have a say in the Central Asian region, which is a sensitive point for Russia and China, has brought the two actors together on common ground. The common goal of both countries is to highlight the multipolar system against the unipolar system of the USA. However, Russia and China are aware that they cannot implement a multipolar system in the international system without the support of Central Asian countries. In this context, Russia and China entered into a cooperation process against the USA, which wanted to fill the power vacuum in Central Asia after the dissolution of the USSR, and they established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) by including the Central Asian countries in this cooperation process. Thus, the SCO, which took a stance against the unipolar system of the USA, became the first concrete step of Russia-China cooperation. The Belt and Road Initiative (KYG), put forward as an economic development project by China, the rising power that stands against the unipolar system of the USA, has become the second concrete step of the Russia-China cooperation, in which they stand against the USA with the support of Russia. Focusing on Russia-China cooperation after the Cold War, this study argues that the SCO and the KYG were used as two tools that balanced the USA and prepared the appropriate ground for the implementation of the multipolar system.
In the new world order established after the Cold War, the USA's efforts to establish hegemony in the military, political and economic fields in the Central Asian region caused the reaction of Russia and China. The concern that the USA will have a say in the Central Asian region, which is a sensitive point for Russia and China, has brought the two actors together on common ground. The common goal of both countries is to highlight the multipolar system against the unipolar system of the USA. However, Russia and China are aware that they cannot implement a multipolar system in the international system without the support of Central Asian countries. In this context, Russia and China entered into a cooperation process against the USA, which wanted to fill the power vacuum in Central Asia after the dissolution of the USSR, and they established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) by including the Central Asian countries in this cooperation process. Thus, the SCO, which took a stance against the unipolar system of the USA, became the first concrete step of Russia-China cooperation. The Belt and Road Initiative (KYG), put forward as an economic development project by China, the rising power that stands against the unipolar system of the USA, has become the second concrete step of the Russia-China cooperation, in which they stand against the USA with the support of Russia. Focusing on Russia-China cooperation after the Cold War, this study argues that the SCO and the KYG were used as two tools that balanced the USA and prepared the appropriate ground for the implementation of the multipolar system.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
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