Sovyet dönemi konutlarında mekansal dönüşüm süreci: Moskova örneği
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2015
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Abstract
Bu çalıĢmada, konut yapılarında mekânsal dönüĢüm süreci, toplumsal değiĢim sürecindeki politik yapılanma temelinde incelenmektedir. Çarlık dönemi, sosyalist dönem (Sovyetler Birliği) ve kapitalist dönem (bugünkü Rusya) olarak birbirinden çok 3 farklı rejimi ardı ardına yaĢaması ve her dönemin konutlarının zengin örneklerinin mevcut olması nedeniyle, araĢtırma için Moskova kenti seçilmiĢtir. Sadece 3 farklı rejim değil, aynı zamanda sosyalist dönemde farklı sosyo-ekonomik uygulamalar söz konusudur. Bu nedenle, konutların mekânsal dönüĢüm süreci, çarlık döneminden günümüze kadarki süreçte, politik yapılanmanın farklılaĢtığı dönemler altında irdelenmiĢtir. 1917 Devrim‟i öncesi Çarlık Rusya‟sı, 1917-1991 arası sosyalist dönemde Lenin, Stalin, KruĢçev, Brejnev ve Gorbaçov dönemleri ve 1991‟den günümüze kadarki kapitalist dönemde Moskova‟da konut üretimi ve seçilen konutların mekânsal biçimlenmeleri irdelenmiĢtir. Çarlık Rusya‟sı ve Sovyetler döneminde inĢa edilen konutların günümüzdeki durumları saptanarak mekânsal dönüĢüm süreçleri değerlendirilmiĢtir. Dokümantasyon ve yerinde gözlemlerle belgeler değerlendirilmiĢ, her dönem Moskova‟da konut üretimi ve günümüzdeki mevcut konutların içerisinden seçilen konutların mekânsal analizleri yapılmıĢtır. Ayrıca, günümüzde Çar Dönemi ve Sovyetler Birliği‟nden kalan (Komün evleri, Stalinkalar ve KruĢçevkalar) konutlarda yaĢayan 50 farklı kiĢi üzerinde yüz yüze anket uygulanmıĢtır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Sovyetler Birliği, Moskova, Konut, Mekân-Politik Yapılanma-Ġktidar ĠliĢkisi, Mekânsal DönüĢüm
In this study, the spatial transformation process in housing construction is investigated on the basis of political restructuring during a social change process. Moscow is chosen for this research, because the city got through Tsarist era, the socialist period (Soviet Union) and the capitalist period (present Russia), three different regimes consecutively and there are lots of examples of housing for each period.. Not only 3 different regimes, but also different socio-economic practices during the socialist period are discussed. Therefore, the spatial transformation process of housing, from tsarist era to present is examined according to the periods of different political structures. Tsarist Russia before 1917 revolution, Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev eras during socialist period from 1917 to 1991, and the capitalist period from 1991 to present ; housing construction in Moscow and the spatial configuration of the selected buildings are discussed. Current status of housing built during Tsarist Russia and the Soviet period is detected and its spatial transformation process is evaluated. The documents are reviewed through documentation and on site observation. The spatial analysis is done for the housing construction of each period in Moscow and for the selected residences from the currently available residences. Furthermore, a face to face survey is conducted with 50 people who are still living in houses from the Tsar era and from the Soviet Union Era (commune houses, shops and Khrushchev are Stalinka) Key words: The Soviet Union, Moscow, Residential, Space-Political Restructuring-Power Relation, Spatial Transformation
In this study, the spatial transformation process in housing construction is investigated on the basis of political restructuring during a social change process. Moscow is chosen for this research, because the city got through Tsarist era, the socialist period (Soviet Union) and the capitalist period (present Russia), three different regimes consecutively and there are lots of examples of housing for each period.. Not only 3 different regimes, but also different socio-economic practices during the socialist period are discussed. Therefore, the spatial transformation process of housing, from tsarist era to present is examined according to the periods of different political structures. Tsarist Russia before 1917 revolution, Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev eras during socialist period from 1917 to 1991, and the capitalist period from 1991 to present ; housing construction in Moscow and the spatial configuration of the selected buildings are discussed. Current status of housing built during Tsarist Russia and the Soviet period is detected and its spatial transformation process is evaluated. The documents are reviewed through documentation and on site observation. The spatial analysis is done for the housing construction of each period in Moscow and for the selected residences from the currently available residences. Furthermore, a face to face survey is conducted with 50 people who are still living in houses from the Tsar era and from the Soviet Union Era (commune houses, shops and Khrushchev are Stalinka) Key words: The Soviet Union, Moscow, Residential, Space-Political Restructuring-Power Relation, Spatial Transformation
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İç Mimari ve Dekorasyon, Dönüşüm, Kentsel dönüşüm, Konut, Konut alanları, Interior Design and Decoration, Transformation, Konut tasarımı, Urban transformation, Konut üretimi, Dwelling house, Housing lands, Mekansal değişim, Housing design, Housing production, Rusya-Moskova, Spatial change, Sosyal değişme, Russia-Moscow, Social change, Sovyetler Birliği, Soviet Union
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