Türk tarihine yön veren siyasi düşünceler: Jön Türklerin siyasi fikirleri üzerinden bir değerlendirme
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2022
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Osmanlı Devleti belli bir siyasi düşünce ve gelenek üzerine kurulmuş köklü bir devlettir. Uzun süre monarşi ile yönetildikten sonra türlü etmenlerle değişmesi zaruri hale gelmiştir. Rönesans, reform, Fransız İhtilali gibi dünya genelinde yaşanan önemli gelişmeler Osmanlı Devletini de yakından ve derinden etkilemiştir. Kendi döneminde geri kaldığını fark edemeyen Osmanlı Devleti ise bu olayların getirdiği yenilikleri sonradan fark edebilmiştir. Savaş meydanında art arda yenilgiler almasıyla Batının askeri alanda ileriye gittiğini fark eden Osmanlı, Batının askeri ilim ve tekniğini almak maksadıyla yüzünü batıya çevirmiştir. Böylece Osmanlı modernleşmesi ile birlikte Osmanlı siyasi düşünce ortamında da köklü bir dizi gelişme yaşanmıştır. Askeri kurumlarla başlayan modernleşme kısa sürede eğitim, siyaset gibi alanlarda da etkili olmaya başlamış ve Osmanlı Devleti, tarihi bir döneme girmiştir. Bu modernleşme sürecinde Jön Türk Hareketi etkili sonuçlar ortaya koymuş ve Osmanlının siyasi alanında tarihi değişimler yaratmıştır. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı siyasi düşüncesi içinde Jön Türk Hareketi ele alınmıştır. Jön Türk Hareketi, siyasi düşünce perspektifinden kuramsal bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Öncelikle Osmanlı Devletinin genel işleyişi, son dönemi ve Jön Türk Hareketine giden süreç incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde Jön Türk Hareketinin temel yaklaşımları, vuku bulduğu olaylar ve etkileri incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise Jön Türk Hareketinin sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik sonuçları ele alındıktan sonra harekete yön veren önemli isimlerden İbrahim Temo, Prens Sebahattin, Ahmet Rıza Bey ve Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün fikirleri incelenmiştir. Kişilerin Jön Türk Hareketi içinde oynadıkları rol, benimsedikleri ana düşünce prensibi, düşüncelerini uygulama yöntemleri kuramsal bir bakış açısıyla irdelenmiştir. Bu kişilerin siyasi yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi Jön Türk Hareketinin siyasi düşünce açısından hangi temel ve dinamikler üzerine kurulduğunun anlaşılması adına oldukça önemlidir. Sonuç kısmında Jön Türk Hareketine yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılarak çalışma tamamlanmıştır.
The Ottoman Empire is a well-established state founded on a certain political thought and tradition. After being ruled by a monarchy for a long time, changes have become necessary under various factors. Important developments occurred around the world such as the Renaissance, reformation, and the French Revolution affected the Ottoman Empire closely and deeply as well. The Ottoman Empire, which could not realize that it was behind in its own time, was able to realize the innovations brought by these events later. Realizing that the West was advancing in the military field with successive defeats on the battlefield, the Ottoman Empire turned its face to the West in order to acquire the West's military science and technique. Thus, along with the Ottoman modernization, a series of radical developments took place in the Ottoman political thought environment. The modernization, which started with military institutions, started to be effective in fields such as education and politics in a short time and the Ottoman Empire entered a historical period. In this modernization process, the Young Turk Movement produced effective results and created historical changes in the political field of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, the Young Turk Movement in Ottoman political thought is discussed. The Young Turk Movement has been examined from a theoretical perspective on the axis of political thought. First, the general functioning of the Ottoman Empire, its last period and the process leading to the Young Turk Movement were examined. In the second part, the main approaches of the Young Turk Movement, the events that took place and its effects were examined. In the last part, after the social, political and economic results of the Young Turk Movement were discussed, the ideas of İbrahim Temo, Prince Sebahattin, Ahmet Rıza Bey and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who were the important names that gave direction to the movement, were examined. Their roles in the Young Turk Movement, the main thought principle they adopted, the methods of applying their thoughts were examined from a theoretical point of view. Examining the political approaches of these people is very important in order to understand the basis and dynamics of the Young Turk Movement in terms of political thought. In the conclusion part, the study was completed by making evaluations about the Young Turk Movement.
The Ottoman Empire is a well-established state founded on a certain political thought and tradition. After being ruled by a monarchy for a long time, changes have become necessary under various factors. Important developments occurred around the world such as the Renaissance, reformation, and the French Revolution affected the Ottoman Empire closely and deeply as well. The Ottoman Empire, which could not realize that it was behind in its own time, was able to realize the innovations brought by these events later. Realizing that the West was advancing in the military field with successive defeats on the battlefield, the Ottoman Empire turned its face to the West in order to acquire the West's military science and technique. Thus, along with the Ottoman modernization, a series of radical developments took place in the Ottoman political thought environment. The modernization, which started with military institutions, started to be effective in fields such as education and politics in a short time and the Ottoman Empire entered a historical period. In this modernization process, the Young Turk Movement produced effective results and created historical changes in the political field of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, the Young Turk Movement in Ottoman political thought is discussed. The Young Turk Movement has been examined from a theoretical perspective on the axis of political thought. First, the general functioning of the Ottoman Empire, its last period and the process leading to the Young Turk Movement were examined. In the second part, the main approaches of the Young Turk Movement, the events that took place and its effects were examined. In the last part, after the social, political and economic results of the Young Turk Movement were discussed, the ideas of İbrahim Temo, Prince Sebahattin, Ahmet Rıza Bey and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who were the important names that gave direction to the movement, were examined. Their roles in the Young Turk Movement, the main thought principle they adopted, the methods of applying their thoughts were examined from a theoretical point of view. Examining the political approaches of these people is very important in order to understand the basis and dynamics of the Young Turk Movement in terms of political thought. In the conclusion part, the study was completed by making evaluations about the Young Turk Movement.
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Siyasal Bilimler, Tarih, Jön Türkler, Political Science, Siyasal davranış, History, Jön Turks, Siyasal değerler, Political behavior, Türk siyasi tarihi, Political values, Turkish political history, Türk tarihi, Turkish history
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