Turkey's democratzation and its effect on fereign policy decision making
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2005
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı demokrasi ve demokrasinin Türkiye'de dış politika kararların oluşturulmasına etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada Öncelikle 1991 Irak Savaşı'ndan bugüne kadar olan dönem incelenmekte ve Türkiye de demokrasideki gelişmeler ile bu gelişmenin politikayı oluşturma sürecine etkileri arasında bir bağ kurulması araştırılmaktadır. Son zamanlarda yapılan anayasa ve yasal değişikliklere özel önem verilerek değişikliklerin dış politikada alınan kararları nasıl etkilediği ortaya konulmak istenmiş ve bu çalışmayla genel olarak demokrasinin dış politikada alınan kararları nasıl etkilediği anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Girişten sonra gelen ikinci bölüm karar verme çalışmasına ye yönelik Teori üzerinde değişik yaklaşımları içeren teorik çalışmalardan oluşmaktadır. Dört analiz düzeyi ele alınmış ve bunların aracılığıyla farklı karar verme yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm bir demokrasi çalışmasıdır. Burada, demokrasi felsefesi ve bugünkü demokrasi teriminin anlamı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, demokrasinin kalitesini ve günümüz dünyasındaki en yaygın hükümet sisteminin değişik unsurlarım incelemek için bir çerçeve kurulmuştur. Dördüncü bölüm çalışmanın en önemli kısmım içermektedir. 1999 Helsinki Zirvesinden itibaren Avrupa Birliği adaylığı ile hızlı değişimi vurgulanarak, Türkiye'nin demokrasi, karar verme sistemi ve 1990'lann başında başlayan demokratikleşmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bölümün sonunda, dört farklı karar verme analiz düzeyi ile Türkiye'nin karar verme yöntemi ve uğradığı değişimler konusunda bir sonuca varmaya çalışılmıştır. Beşinci bölüm Türkiye'deki karar vermeye ilişkin iki olayı içermektedir. Bunlar 1991 ve 2003 Irak Savaşları üzerinedir. Bu iki olayın analizi, önemli bir demokratikleşme sürecindeki iki farklı olayda oluşan farklı karar alma süreçlerini anlamak için kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Türk politika sisteminin demokratik kalitesinde anlamlı ve önemli bir değişiklik olmuş ve bu değişikliğin dış politika kararlarının alınması sürecine fark edilir derecede etkileri olmuştur. En önemli değişiklikler, bürokrasi, özellikle silah kuvvetler ve hükümet arasındaki güç ilişkileri ile hükümetin dışında yeni ortaya çıkan medya, kamuoyu ve karar vermede direk rol oynamayan çevreler ile ilgilidir. Bu gruplar karar vermeyi direk bir şekilde etkilememiş olsalar bile daha kaotik ve karışık bir karar verme ortamı yaratmışlardır. Bu yem ortamı ve gelecekteki Türk Dış Politikasını anlamak için geleneksel rasyonel analiz sistem yeterli değildir ve bu demokratikleşmenin bir sonucudur. İlave olarak beklide söz konusu sürecin karmaşıklığı, demokrasilerin diğer yönetim şekillerine göre daha barışçı bir uluslararası aktör olduğunun kanıtlarından birisidir. in
SUMMARY This study is an investigation of democracy and its effect on foreign policy decision making in Turkey. It investigates primarily the period from the 1991 Iraq War until the present (May, 2005) and seeks to make a connection between the democratic consolidation taking place in Turkey and the way that this has affected the policy making process. Particular attention is given to the most recent changes in Turkey's constitution and legal system and tries to understand how these changes have affected the way that foreign policy decisions are made and seeks to use this study to extrapolate the way that democracy affects foreign policy decision making in general. Following the introduction, the second chapter is a theoretical study of different approaches to the study of decision making. It establishes four levels of analysis from which to look at the problem and seeks to explain the different ways in which decision making can be approached. The third chapter is a study of democracy. It looks at the philosophical foundations of the concept and then the meaning of the term today. Finally, it establishes a framework for making judgments about democratic quality and the different elements of the complex government system that has become the most prevalent form of government in the world today. The fourth chapter contains the main emphasis of the study. It is a study of Turkey's democracy and foreign policy making apparatus and the way that they have changed since the early 1990's with an emphasis on the accelerated change taking place after the Helsinki Summit of 1999 where Turkey was declared a candidate for European Union membership. The end of the chapter uses the four levels of decision making analysis to study the way that foreign policy is made in Turkey and to reach some conclusions about me way that it has changed. The fifth chapter contains two case studies of decision making in Turkey. The first study is on the 1991 Iraq War and the second is the 2003 Iraq War. The analysis of these decisions is used to understand some of the differences in the decision making process used in the two events separated by a period of important democratization. The conclusions reached are that there has been a significant and important change in the democratic quality of Turkey's political system and that this has had a noticeable impact on the foreign policy decision making process. The most important changes have been the change in power relationships between the bureaucracy, primarily the military, and the government, as well as the rise of groups outside the government including the media and public opinion who, while not exercising a direct role in the formulation of policy have made for a policymaking environment that is more complex and often chaotic. This chaotic environment has meant that traditional systems of rational foreign policy analysis are no longer adequate for understanding Turkish foreign policy and that this is a result of democratic consolidation. In addition, it is posited that the complexity of the process may be one of the reasons behind the growing evidence that democracies are more peaceful international actors than other forms of government. n
SUMMARY This study is an investigation of democracy and its effect on foreign policy decision making in Turkey. It investigates primarily the period from the 1991 Iraq War until the present (May, 2005) and seeks to make a connection between the democratic consolidation taking place in Turkey and the way that this has affected the policy making process. Particular attention is given to the most recent changes in Turkey's constitution and legal system and tries to understand how these changes have affected the way that foreign policy decisions are made and seeks to use this study to extrapolate the way that democracy affects foreign policy decision making in general. Following the introduction, the second chapter is a theoretical study of different approaches to the study of decision making. It establishes four levels of analysis from which to look at the problem and seeks to explain the different ways in which decision making can be approached. The third chapter is a study of democracy. It looks at the philosophical foundations of the concept and then the meaning of the term today. Finally, it establishes a framework for making judgments about democratic quality and the different elements of the complex government system that has become the most prevalent form of government in the world today. The fourth chapter contains the main emphasis of the study. It is a study of Turkey's democracy and foreign policy making apparatus and the way that they have changed since the early 1990's with an emphasis on the accelerated change taking place after the Helsinki Summit of 1999 where Turkey was declared a candidate for European Union membership. The end of the chapter uses the four levels of decision making analysis to study the way that foreign policy is made in Turkey and to reach some conclusions about me way that it has changed. The fifth chapter contains two case studies of decision making in Turkey. The first study is on the 1991 Iraq War and the second is the 2003 Iraq War. The analysis of these decisions is used to understand some of the differences in the decision making process used in the two events separated by a period of important democratization. The conclusions reached are that there has been a significant and important change in the democratic quality of Turkey's political system and that this has had a noticeable impact on the foreign policy decision making process. The most important changes have been the change in power relationships between the bureaucracy, primarily the military, and the government, as well as the rise of groups outside the government including the media and public opinion who, while not exercising a direct role in the formulation of policy have made for a policymaking environment that is more complex and often chaotic. This chaotic environment has meant that traditional systems of rational foreign policy analysis are no longer adequate for understanding Turkish foreign policy and that this is a result of democratic consolidation. In addition, it is posited that the complexity of the process may be one of the reasons behind the growing evidence that democracies are more peaceful international actors than other forms of government. n
Description
Keywords
Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
0
End Page
234