Yeni kolonyalizm: Anthills of the Savannah, Devil on The Cross ve Shame'de ki bağımsızlık sonrası açmazlar üzerine bir çalışma
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2019
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Bu tezin amacı Chinua Achebe'nin Anthills of the Savannah, Ngugi wa Thiongo'nun Devil on the Cross ve Salman Rushdie'nin Shame eserlerinde yansıtılan post kolonyal toplumlardaki yeni kolonyalizm durumunu incelemek ve tartışmaktır. Achebe, Ngugi ve Rushdie dekolonizasyondan sonra eski sömürgecilerin yerini alan yerel burjuvazi ve elitlerin kullandığı politikaları eleştirmektedirler. Bağımsızlıklarını kazanmalarına rağmen, sözde bağımsız görünen eski sömürgeler kendilerini kontrol altında tutan batılı emperyalistlerin uygulamalarından kaçamamışlardır. Ancak batılı devletler bu kez farklı bir yöntem kullanmaktadırlar. Yani, eski kolonilerini denetimleri altında tutabilmek için bu ülkelerin yerel politik liderlerini kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda kullanmaya başlamışlardır ki bu da politik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik çürümeye sebep olmaktadır. Bu cihetle, bu tez Achebe, Thiongo ve Rushdie'nin eserlerindeki büyük halk kitlelerinin imtiyazlı veya güçlü liderler tarafından ezilmesini ve sömürülmesini yansıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Tez, bir giriş bölümü, üç alt bölümden oluşan bir kuram bölümüve her biri yukarıda belirtilen romanları inceleyen üç analiz bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümü sonraki bölümlerde incelenecek olan konuları genel olarak açıklamaktadır. Kuram bölümü Kwame Nkrumah, Frantz Fanon, Ania Loomba ve Elleke Boehmer gibi önde gelen edebi eleştirmenler ve kuramcılara göndermeler yaparak kolonyalizm, post kolonyalizm ve yeni sömürgecilik gibi ilgili kavramlara odaklanmaktadır. Bu bölüm ayrıca bu baskının yürütüldüğü kurum ve vasıtalara değinmektedir. Üç romanı inceleyen analiz bölümleri ise yeni kolonyalizmin ve sonuçlarının Kenya, Nijerya ve Pakistan'da nasıl yansıtıldığını incelemektedir. Sonuç bölümü ise incelenen romanlar da yeni kolonyalizmin kurum ve vasıta açısından farklılık göstermesine rağmen, verilen üç ülkenin de eski sömürgecilerden hiçbir farkı olmayan yerel liderler ve elitler tarafından sömürüldüğünü ortaya koymaktadır.
The aim of this dissertation is to explore and discuss the issue of neo-colonialism as represented in post-colonial societies reflected in Chinua Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah (1987), Ngugi wa Thiongo Devil on the Cross (1980), and Salman Rushdie's Shame (1983). Achebe, Thiongo and Rushdie criticise the policies that have been utilized by the native elites or bourgeoisie who replaced the former colonisers after decolonisation. Although they gained their independence, the ex-colonised countries were unable to move away from the practices of the western imperialists who kept these seemingly independent countries under their control. However, they used a different method this time. That is, in order to keep them under their rule, the westerners made use of mainly the native political leaders of these countries, an action which resulted in political, socio-cultural and economic corruption. Thus, this dissertation aims to illustrate the subjugation and exploitation of the masses by the privileged or politically powerful leaders in Achebe, Thiongo and Rushdie. It includes an introductory chapter, a theoretical chapter which includes three subchapters, and three analytical chapters, each of which attempts to discuss the above mentioned three novels. The introductory chapter presents a general view of the issues that will be explored in the subsequent chapters. The theory chapter focuses on the related concepts; colonialism, post-colonialism, and neo-colonialism with references to some leading literary theorists and critics such as Kwame Nkrumah, Frantz Fanon, Ania Loomba, and Elleke Boehmer. This chapter also deals with the agencies or institutions through which the oppression is carried out. The following three analytical chapters, which focus on the exploration of the three novels, investigate how neo-colonialism and its consequences are reflected in Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan. The concluding chapter presents that though there are some differences in agencies or institutions of neo-colonialism, all the three given countries are exploited by their native leaders who are not different from the ex-colonisers.
The aim of this dissertation is to explore and discuss the issue of neo-colonialism as represented in post-colonial societies reflected in Chinua Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah (1987), Ngugi wa Thiongo Devil on the Cross (1980), and Salman Rushdie's Shame (1983). Achebe, Thiongo and Rushdie criticise the policies that have been utilized by the native elites or bourgeoisie who replaced the former colonisers after decolonisation. Although they gained their independence, the ex-colonised countries were unable to move away from the practices of the western imperialists who kept these seemingly independent countries under their control. However, they used a different method this time. That is, in order to keep them under their rule, the westerners made use of mainly the native political leaders of these countries, an action which resulted in political, socio-cultural and economic corruption. Thus, this dissertation aims to illustrate the subjugation and exploitation of the masses by the privileged or politically powerful leaders in Achebe, Thiongo and Rushdie. It includes an introductory chapter, a theoretical chapter which includes three subchapters, and three analytical chapters, each of which attempts to discuss the above mentioned three novels. The introductory chapter presents a general view of the issues that will be explored in the subsequent chapters. The theory chapter focuses on the related concepts; colonialism, post-colonialism, and neo-colonialism with references to some leading literary theorists and critics such as Kwame Nkrumah, Frantz Fanon, Ania Loomba, and Elleke Boehmer. This chapter also deals with the agencies or institutions through which the oppression is carried out. The following three analytical chapters, which focus on the exploration of the three novels, investigate how neo-colonialism and its consequences are reflected in Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan. The concluding chapter presents that though there are some differences in agencies or institutions of neo-colonialism, all the three given countries are exploited by their native leaders who are not different from the ex-colonisers.
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Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Achebe, Chinua, Kolonyalizm, Western Linguistics and Literature, Rushdie, Salman, English Linguistics and Literature, Achebe, Chinua, Thiongo, Ngugi Wa, Colonialism, Rushdie, Salman, Yeni kolonyalizm, Thiongo, Ngugi Wa, Neo-colonialism, İngiliz edebiyatı, English literature
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