Çağdaş toplumlarda hayvan hakları ve refahı
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Date
2008
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Open Access Color
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Hayvan hakları başlığı altında olmasa bile insanların hayvanlara, genel olarak doğaya nasıl davranılması gerektiği sorunu tarih kadar eski bir sorundur. Türkiye'de 2004 yılında çıkartılan hayvanları koruma yasası, doğru dürüst uygulamaya konulamamış hayvan hakları ve refahı çağdaş bir ülkede olması gereken seviyeye gelememiştir. Oysa çağdaş toplumlarda hayvan hakları ve refahı ulusal yasalarda hayvanlarda kişilik kavramını tartışabilecek boyutlara ulaşmış ve mevzuatta hayvanlar artık mal değil, hissetme yeteneğine sahip varlıklar olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ancak çağdaş ülkeler olarak tanımlanan AB ülkelerinde bile hayvan hakları ve refahının durumu pekiyi sayılamaz. Mevcut durum oradaki hayvan korumacıları da tatmin etmemekte, dolayısıyla bazı radikal gruplar tarafından yasal olmayan yollara başvurulmaktadır.Hayvan hakları konusunda süregelen tartışmalar, laboratuarlarda hayvan kullanımının kayıt altına alınmasına, çiftlik ve hayvanat bahçelerindeki hayvanların rahatı konusunda asgari standartların yasal düzenlemelere tabi tutulmasına ve evinde hayvan besleyenlere giderek yüklenen yasal yükümlülüklerinin artmasına yol açmıştır. Buna rağmen hayvanların yiyecek, bilgi ve kâr kaynağı olarak maddi sömürüsünün hüküm sürdüğü ?merkez? alanların giderek daha fazla toplumun dikkatinden uzaklaştırılmasına, hayvan araştırma laboratuarlarının gizlenmesi ve koruma altına alınması da önlenememiştir.Yapılan bu araştırmada, hayvan hakları ve refahının en üst düzeyde kabul gördüğü çağdaş toplumlarda hayvanlara yönelik olarak çıkarılan mevzuat, kamusal yapı, insan-hayvan ilişkilerinin önemi ve Türkiye'deki durumun ortaya konması ve buna ilişkin çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Türkiye'de hayvan hakları ve refahında yaşanan tartışmalarda sorunları tespit ederek, bilimsel ve çağdaş anlamda bunları çözmek için öneriler getirilmiştir. Sorunun çözülmesiyle ülkenin sosyal yapısında pozitif yönden bir katkı yapılacağına inanılmaktadır.Her ülke mevzuatını hayvanları koruma yönünde geliştirmiş veya geliştirmek üzeredir. Bu noktada ülkemizde hayvanları koruma açısından hangi noktada olduğumuzu görmek ve uygulanan yöntemlerin gelişmiş ülkelerin mevzuatları ve uygulamalarıyla karşılaştırmak için yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda aslında Türkiye'nin uygulamada gelişmiş ülkelerden farklı olmadığını tek farkın kültür ve ekonomik düzeylerden kaynaklandığı ortaya çıkmıştır.Sonuç olarak Türkiye'de de hayvan hakları konusunda ortak bir bilinç oluşmuş ve buna ilişkin yapılan uygulamalarda iyiye doğru giden bir yükseliş eğilimine girilmiştir.
Although not listed under the title ?animal rights?, the problem concerning how the humans should treat the animals or the nature in general is as old as history. The Law for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals which was enacted in Turkey in 2004 failed to be properly performed, causing that the animal rights and animal welfare fell behind those expected to be found in a modern country. However, in modern countries the matter of animal rights and animal welfare has gone so far that the concept of animal personality is discussed under national law, and in the legislations, the animals are deemed not as possessions but as living beings which have the capability of feeling. Yet, even in the EU countries which are defined as modern countries, the condition of the animals in terms of their rights and welfare is far from being satisfactory. The present situation does not satisfy the animal protectionists, either; therefore some radical groups try illegal ways.The continuous debates about animal rights have led to the following: The use of animals in laboratories are recorded, the minimum standards regarding the welfare of animals in farms and zoos are subjected to legal regulations, and the legal obligations imposed on the domestic animal keepers are continuously increased. Despite all of these, it failed to prevent that the ?centre? areas where feed-, information- and profit-oriented exploitation of the animals prevail are continuously moved away from the attention of the society, and that the animal research laboratories are hidden and under protection.In this study, the legislations made in modern societies where the matter of animal rights and animal welfare has most highly gained acceptance, the public structure in these countries, the significance of human-animal relationship, the situation in Turkey and suggestions for solutions regarding these matters are presented. The problems which were come across in the debates concerning animal rights and animal welfare in Turkey are identified, and suggestions to solve these scientifically and in a modern way are made. It is hoped that by solving these problems, a positive contribution will be made to the social structure of the country.Every country has extended or is to extend its legislations for protecting the animals. In this study, which was conducted to identify the stage of Turkey in terms of prevention of cruelty to animals and to compare the practiced methods with the legislations and practices of the developed countries, it has been made clear that in reality; Turkey does not differ much from the developed countries in terms of practice, and that the sole difference is caused by the culture and the economic level.To sum up; also in Turkey, a collective consciousness has been formed about animal rights and a positive tendency in practice has begun.
Although not listed under the title ?animal rights?, the problem concerning how the humans should treat the animals or the nature in general is as old as history. The Law for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals which was enacted in Turkey in 2004 failed to be properly performed, causing that the animal rights and animal welfare fell behind those expected to be found in a modern country. However, in modern countries the matter of animal rights and animal welfare has gone so far that the concept of animal personality is discussed under national law, and in the legislations, the animals are deemed not as possessions but as living beings which have the capability of feeling. Yet, even in the EU countries which are defined as modern countries, the condition of the animals in terms of their rights and welfare is far from being satisfactory. The present situation does not satisfy the animal protectionists, either; therefore some radical groups try illegal ways.The continuous debates about animal rights have led to the following: The use of animals in laboratories are recorded, the minimum standards regarding the welfare of animals in farms and zoos are subjected to legal regulations, and the legal obligations imposed on the domestic animal keepers are continuously increased. Despite all of these, it failed to prevent that the ?centre? areas where feed-, information- and profit-oriented exploitation of the animals prevail are continuously moved away from the attention of the society, and that the animal research laboratories are hidden and under protection.In this study, the legislations made in modern societies where the matter of animal rights and animal welfare has most highly gained acceptance, the public structure in these countries, the significance of human-animal relationship, the situation in Turkey and suggestions for solutions regarding these matters are presented. The problems which were come across in the debates concerning animal rights and animal welfare in Turkey are identified, and suggestions to solve these scientifically and in a modern way are made. It is hoped that by solving these problems, a positive contribution will be made to the social structure of the country.Every country has extended or is to extend its legislations for protecting the animals. In this study, which was conducted to identify the stage of Turkey in terms of prevention of cruelty to animals and to compare the practiced methods with the legislations and practices of the developed countries, it has been made clear that in reality; Turkey does not differ much from the developed countries in terms of practice, and that the sole difference is caused by the culture and the economic level.To sum up; also in Turkey, a collective consciousness has been formed about animal rights and a positive tendency in practice has begun.
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Kamu Yönetimi, Public Administration
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